A collaborative effort between Faxon and Q LLC, three new Faxon AR-10 models are now available for the recently developed 8.6 BLK cartridge.
Faxon Firearms has just announced that three new models of 8.6 BLK AR-10s are now available for preorder, with the guns expected to ship later this summer. What makes these ARs special is that they were developed in conjunction with Q LLC for the company’s new 8.6 BLK cartridge.
Since it was announced, many have referred to Q’s 8.6 BLK as 300 BLK’s big brother, and it’s easy to see why. Featuring a .308 bolt face and modified 6.5 Creedmoor brass, the cartridge uses .338-caliber projectiles with weights that can exceed 300 grains. Offered in both super and subsonic loads, 8.6 BLK makes for one very versatile round that can deliver a lot of energy on target. The trick to making this concept viable, however, was up to Faxon and their barrel production skills. Bullets this heavy aren’t easy to stabilize, but Faxon managed to make it work thanks to their new 1:3 twist rate barrels. Faxon is using the barrels to produce the first weapons available for 8.6 BLK, starting with three AR-10 models and following up with some bolt-actions down the road. Both styles of barrel will also be able to be purchased separately for custom builds.
The 8.6 BLK AR-10 model that is now available for preorder is called the Faxon Sentinel, and it’s being offered in three different barrel length configurations. Two models are sold as pistols due to their 8-inch and 12-inch barrels, and both have an MSRP of $2,299. The third model is a 16-inch rifle with an MSRP of $2,399. As expensive as they are, the new chambering isn’t the only allure to the Faxon Sentinels, as each gun will also feature ambidextrous controls, upgraded furniture and an improved trigger. The preorders are expected to ship in early August with normal availability soon to follow.
For more information on the new guns or cartridge, please visit faxonfirearms.com.
Update your long-range shooting skills in a short weekend.
A brand-new world record was recently set in the King of Two Miles competition—this time crowning a queen in Lindsay Paul. Not only was she the first female victor of this insane long-range shooting competition, but she also managed to land three consecutive shots with a .375 CheyTac at 3,520 yards (2 miles).
What’s of great interest is that, even 10 years ago, this would’ve been considered an unapproachable feat for even the best shooters on the planet. Yet, as technology has marched on, we’re seeing what were once considered distances reserved for the elite being conquered by more shooters, even down to the novice hunter level. Enter Greg Ray and his Outdoor Solutions Long Range School.
The instruction in the class also featured the teachers themselves firing … and occasional missing. Don’t come to these classes assuming the instructors will use the same guns and ammo as the students … and show them first-hand what success looks like. It’s a very rare thing.
School’s Out Forever
There are usually two types of pitfalls for long-range shooting schools: military-type and hunting.
Military-type schools typically sell an experience for those who idealize sniper culture. I’ve sat in these classes with a straight face and, for the life of me, can’t tell you what actual skills I gained. The main issue here is that most of these mil-spec guys are trying to make target shooting or hunting into some sort of war game, which is just not applicable either in terms of mindset or gear choice for the average person wanting to improve their shooting skills.
Likewise, the hunting classes I’ve attended are usually the opposite in terms of practicality. Whereas the military classes expect you come in with a rifle already set up of a certain quality using ammo you’re familiar with, most hunting classes have struggled for uniformity in training. Many of these classes are designed for the once-a-year hunter who just wants to fire at longer ranges to see what his gear does.
A .30-30 isn’t the same as a .30-06, and even then, I’ve been on the line with guys shooting .375s. The majority of long-range shooting classes for the hunter have been good attempts, but they’re often taught by people with a rudimentary knowledge of ballistics and rifle setup. “You’ll be a good 2 inches high at 100 yards if you want to shoot 300 yards” is usually the order of the day when it comes to this type of teaching, and confidence is rarely earned at the end of the day.
Each student printed groups at the 1,000-yard distance using the class rifles and their own calculations. It was a truly impressive feat considering how new many of the students were new to guns in general.
Greg Ray’s Gambit
I attended the Outdoor Solutions Long Range School recently, and I found myself completely surprised by this course—the professionalism of the cadre and execution of the training was second to none. It successfully avoided the common pitfalls and succeeded in passing along useful information.
The owner of Outdoor Solutions, Greg Ray, has developed a program so simple and intuitive that a complete novice would be able to hit targets out to 1,000 yards with confidence after just a couple days using off-the-shelf rifles and optics. Ray’s course has never had a student fail to connect at 1,000 yards after just a few hours on the range. Let that sink in.
Ray’s school is unique in that it maintains a careful blend of practical elements; it borrows from military-type shooting, long-range competition and a hunter’s emphasis on field conditions. It connects the most important part of these elements and packages them into something that completely dissolves the mysticism around long-range shooting.
A brand-new shooter fires a borrowed rifle at 500 yards. He made hits every time.
Many people in the class with me had never fired beyond 100 yards on the first day, and by late afternoon were printing groups at 1,000 yards with relative ease. There was no fluff or skunkworks secrets here; the methods were simple and completely effective. Better yet, the humility of the instruction staff made it all the better. Despite their long list of credentials, they were extremely down to earth and made everyone feel welcome—a far cry from many classes where you must deal with an unapproachable cast of diva instructors.
“I started the long-range school program out of necessity,” said Ray. “As a booking agency for Western Big Game hunts, our clients, especially clients from the East, were ill prepared for some of the shot distances required to hunt out West. It’s a rare case to get within 100 yards of an antelope in the wide-open plains, and 100 yards seemed to be the average distance most of our clients from Pennsylvania, Ohio and other Northeast states were comfortable shooting.”
Nine-inch plates at 300 yards as seen through the author’s spotting scope. This distance, while close to an experienced shooter, was further than many of the students had ever fired.
“We started our schools with the hunter in mind,” Ray continued. “Yes, we teach to shoot out to 1,000 yards, but we are not advocating shooting at animals at that range. Our thought process is practicing at the further distances makes you much more proficient at the shorter distances. Plus, it teaches the shooter not only his limitations, but the limitations of his gear.”
When it comes to gear, I tend to err on the side of going in with a bit more gun than I need. I’m in love with case-hardening and rich walnut, but most of my field guns are carbon fiber and titanium. I brought a couple high-end precision rifles, and while they were excellent performers, what impressed me was that Ray’s class had a set of stock Remington 700 and Benelli Lupo rifles with direct thread suppressors and Zeiss optics. These guns were completely off-the-shelf and, once zeroed up with Federal 6.5 CM ammo, printed great at every distance.
These guns retailed for only a percentage of what I brought, and that was intentional on Ray’s part.
“What sets us apart from other classes is we are not trying to sell our clients a $9,000-plus custom setup,” added Ray. “Not that there is anything wrong with that; it’s just not what we do. Our focus is on the training and making our clients better shooters and more ethical hunters.
The instructors detail the finer points of rifle setup to the students in the class.
Right On The Money
The entire class lasted for several days, and during that time we covered far more material than I can relay here. Since the class, I’ve really began to rethink the way my rifles are built, how much they weigh, and if I should suppress them.
Out of all the classes I’ve had, this is one where I actually learned something about my guns and gear, and I’ve taken those lessons to heart. For one, my guns are too heavy but right on as far as optics and caliber. Getting out of the target shooting mindset is what this class did for me, and learning my rifles and gear were making me slower and more tired was disappointing.
I’m not exactly an old dog, but after Ray’s class I certainly learned some new tricks.
Editor's Note: This article originally appeared in the December 2021 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.
Looking for a new iron or piece of kit to enhance the one you already own? Check out these 7 new bits of guns and gear to grow your firearms wish list.
Sauer Introduces 270th Anniversary Collection of Limited Edition Rifles
When it comes to longevity, few gunmakers match J.P. Sauer and Sohn. For 270 years, the German manufacturer has turned out magnificent irons, more than one responsible for taking once-in-a-lifetime trophies. In celebration of this legacy, Sauer has offered up a special set of commutative rifles long on timeless elegance and maximum precision. In a nice twist, three of the rifles—100, 101 and 404—are chambered .270 Winchester in honor of the anniversary, while the 303 comes in .308 Winchester. Additionally, the guns come stocked in grade 5 and 7 walnut, and each features Sauer’s 270th-anniversary logo in black and gold on the grip cap. Furthermore, the grip cap features “Wild Man with a Club” verbiage. Only 10 sets of these guns were made, with only one available in the United States. MSRP: N/A
Federal Special Edition 100th Anniversary Shotshell Packaging
No matter how you cut it, taking a shotgun in the field throws most back to golden days. Federal Premium gets this, and in celebration of 100 years of producing some of the nation’s top ammunition, the company is packaging several of its shells that harken back to a halcyon era. Much like the boxes you saw squirreled away in your granddad’s gun room, the special edition 100th Anniversary shotshell packaging features throwback names, type and graphics. Honestly, it’ll prove difficult to part with the boxes after the ammo is spent. Federal offers four campy boxes for its 12-gauge Top Gun ammo, loaded with No. 8 shot. MSRP: $10.99, box of 20
Springfield Armory 9mm Garrison
Even updated, 1911s remain a welcome throwback to the golden age of American handguns. Balancing advancement and tradition perfectly, Springfield Armory’s 9mm Garrison is an ideal pistol for someone looking for modern performance with throwback appeal. The guns pops in regard to the choice of finishes, which includes a richly blued carbon steel or very dynamic stainless steel. Combine with thin-line hardwood grips, the gun cuts the classic 1911 profile, while offering a bit of contemporary bling. Skeletonized hammer, extended beavertail, forged match-grade barrel (5 inches) and low-profile, hi-visibility sights also bring out the most in the pistol. MSRP: Starting at $849
Galco’s Trail Belt
OK, there’s very little throwback about Galco Gunleather’s Trail Belt. But, be honest, when it comes to comfort and performance you don’t really want to throwback to some of the cramped and unpleasant straps from the days of yore. The Trail Belt certainly isn’t that, utilizing breathable and flexible nylon in a tubular web construction. Designed to move with the wearer’s body, the belt doesn’t bite but is still solid enough to use as an IWB support system. At the same tick, it’s easy enough on the body to make it ideal for a day hike or work shift. The Cobra D-Ring buckle is a nice touch, holding fast, but with a quick-release action. MSRP: $98
Browning A5 Shotgun Vintage Tan
Despite sporting a different operating system than the original Auto 5, the old hammering humpback still retains its retro charm. Browning recently kicked up the gun’s nostalgic good looks with the introduction of a Vintage Tan Camo pattern. Very similar to the splotchy camo popular from the 1960s to 1980s, the 12-gauge is a looker, as well as a doer, for anyone heading out to the duck blind or turkey woods. Available with a 26- or 28-inch barrel—each chambered for 3½-inch shells—the surprisingly light semi-auto can reach out. And with features such as a chrome-lined barrel and rugged composite stock, the gun is built to last well into the future. MSRP: $1,940
Elite Survival System Liberty Gun Pack
If you tote a classic gun or a retro replica for self-defense, you understand holster options are few and far between. Some inventive thinking is required to take the heater on the go. Elite Survival System offers just this with its Liberty Gun Pack. Designed for carry on a belt or attached to Molle platforms, the pack can be worn in a horizontal or vertical position. And outfitted with a holster compatible with most compact and subcompact pistols, it’s friendly with a wide swath of handguns. Boasting plenty of extra storage, 1000 denier nylon construction and ripcords to access the firearms compartment, this attractive piece of EDC luggage is just the ticket to take a classic heater on the go. MSRP: $50
SnapSafe Safe Must-Have Accessory Pack
So, you have a safe for all your treasured firearms. Good for you. What are you doing to take care of them now? Whether you realized it or not, the system meant to protect your valuable firearms can also cause them the most harm. Hence the reason why Hornady’s SnapSafe is offering the tools to tend to them when under lock and key. The heart of the comprehensive suite includes a dehumidifier and hygrometer to monitor and battle the scourge of gun safes: moisture. But there are a few extras that are more than handy, including a magnetic hook, LED light strip, document bag and document basket. Basically, if you have a safe, you need these accessories. MSRP: $142
Editor's Note: This article originally appeared in the July 2022 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.
Whether you hunt, compete or just plink, an aftermarket 10/22 trigger is a sure-fire way to get more out of your Ruger rimfire.
Like every other component of a factory Ruger 10/22, the trigger mechanism is reliable and functional. That said, there is always room for improvement, and a 10/22 trigger upgrade may be worth considering.
A spread of Volquartsen TG2000 triggers in various colors.
Why Upgrade A 10/22 Trigger?
While Ruger trigger housings are polymer, most aftermarket 10/22 triggers use CNC-machined aluminum housings and feature a better fit and finish as well. Precision-machined components and housings simply fit and function better. Everything has the necessary clearance to function smoothly, avoiding the gritty, binding feeling that is present on some factory triggers.
But tighter tolerances are only part of the benefit. Installing an aftermarket 10/22 trigger can not only provide a lighter pull but a more consistent and predictable one too. Obviously, if you know when your trigger will break, less effort is required to do so. In turn, your potential for accuracy increases.
Another thing to consider is that tinkering with and upgrading something like a 10/22 is just plain fun. There doesn’t always have to be some arcane or highly specific reason to upgrade something. By replacing factory components, you give it more of a personal touch—something that says, “this is MY 10/22.” Even if you had no practical justification for making the modifications, shooting a gun you customized yourself will always be more fun than with an off-the-shelf model.
An OEM Ruger 10/22 trigger housing.
10/22 Applications That Could Benefit From A Trigger Swap
Different triggers are designed to accomplish different things. Prospective buyers should consider what they want the upgrade to achieve before selecting a model.
Because the 10/22 is a very versatile weapon with many practical applications, so too are aftermarket 10/22 trigger options. Some merely provide a generally nicer feel while others are more geared towards specific qualities like precision or speed.
Regardless, at the end of the day, a nicer trigger makes for a nicer gun. Even if your Ruger 10/22 doesn't serve a specific purpose, it still deserves an upgrade. Here are just a few possible roles where a 10/22 trigger swap could shine:
Trainer: If you employ a 10/22 as your designated trainer rifle, a trigger upgrade is certainly worth considering.
There is virtue in training someone on a barebones setup given they can't crutch on upgrades. On the other side of that coin, upgrading a well-worn 10/22 for the express purpose of training also make sense. Working on fundamentals, newbies aren't distracted by a stout, gritty switch at the expense of everything else.
Plinking: A 10/22 primarily tasked with plinking would be a great candidate for an upgraded trigger. A plinking 10/22 is likely shot often. So why not put a nicer trigger in?
A variety of trigger types fit the plinking 10/22 role. Single-stage triggers allow a user to shoot faster and benefit from a cleaner and more consistent break. Two-stage triggers’ greatest benefit is their predictability and consistentancy. Two-stage triggers are generally lighter and crisper than what comes from the factory too.
Of course, a binary trigger also fits the bill when it comes to plinking. If you’re going to burn a considerable amount of .22LR, why not do it even faster?
A factory 10/22 is a wonderful rifle, but aftermarket parts can often boost accuracy in the field.
Hunting/Field Use: An upgraded trigger might put more meat in the pot, plain and simple.
A variety of aftermarket options exist that would benefit those who take their 10/22 into the field. You can balance having a consistent and predictable trigger pull that isn’t so light as to compromise safety.
Besides, an upgrade allows you to spend more focus on making good shots than wrestling with a less-than-optimal trigger.
Benchrest Shooting: Here, an upgrade is almost a must. Aimming for maximum accuracy, any extraneous movement and effort potentially disrupt stability. In turn, accuracy.
A lightweight trigger with adjustable pretravel and overtravel are invaluable to benchrest shooters. Options, such as the Calvin Elite from Timney Triggers, allow even more customization, like the trigger shoe itself.
Competition Shooting: If you are racing the clock, a lighter trigger is certainly desirable. Additionally, there are some boasting welcome assets.
Timney Triggers Calvin Elite and Volquartsen’s TG2000, for instance, have extended magazine releases. These allow for rapid magazine changes increasing one’s possible speed. When it comes to competition it only makes sense to maximize your potential for success.
The Timney Calvin Elite trigger with its adjustable shoe and extended mag release.
Installing An Aftermarket 10/22 Trigger
Generally, 10/22 triggers come in either drop-in form or as components that replace parts in an existing trigger housing.
Drop-in triggers are easily installed, simply replacing the existing trigger unit. Making things easier, access to a 10/22’s inner workings is the same regardless of model.
Remove the existing trigger group by drifting out the lower set of receiver pins, allowing the unit to drop free. From here, install the drop-in unit in place of the old one.
A non-drop-in trigger upgrade is quite a bit more involved. Essentially, once the trigger group is removed, you drive out the hammer pin to remove the hammer and associated components, then the trigger pivot pin before removing the trigger assembly from the housing. From here you'll take out the trigger reset pin behind the trigger. After all this, you install the aftermarket hammer and trigger components into the housing.
Drop-in or components upgrade, save yourself the headache and pay attention to the instructions.
Aftermarket 10/22 Trigger Buyer’s Guide:
As one of the most popular and iterated upon firearms in America, there is a wide variety of aftermarket 10/22 triggers in existence. The models vary as much in design and performance as they do in price. It's up to you to determine which will best suit your needs.
Ruger BX-Trigger:
Recognizing the desire of shooters to modify their firearms, Ruger gave their blessing by manufacturing their own trigger upgrade. A stock 10/22 trigger breaks around 5.5 to 6 pounds while this factory-approved upgrade comes in with a 2.5 to 3 pounds.
The BX-Trigger also boasts a more positive reset and less overtravel than its stock counterpart. This option is great for someone curious about upgrading their 10/22 trigger as it allows them to do it affordably with an OEM component that is easy to install.
Timney Triggers has a long-standing reputation as a quality aftermarket trigger manufacturer. The company offers a variety of options for a myriad of firearms, so it is only natural that they support the 10/22 as well.
This drop-in trigger includes an extended magazine release that aids in fast and efficient magazine changes. The Calvin Elite also includes multiple trigger shoes tuning it to fit a wider variety of shooters.
The unit features a fixed 1.5- to 2-pound trigger weight, making it a great option for those who want a competition-oriented trigger.
This drop-in option from Volquartsen features a CNC-machined aluminum housing and is available in a variety of anodized colors. As a bonus, Volquartsen includes their automatic bolt release and extended magazine release with this drop-in unit as well. These upgrades would shine in competition as they aid in getting the gun reloaded and into battery more swiftly than a factory job.
The trigger features a fixed 2.25-pound break and can be adjusted for both pretravel and overtravel. The result is a consistent and crisp single-stage trigger that would be a great choice for those who want to get into competition shooting or just generally improve the feel of their 10/22.
Franklin Armory is best known for its binary triggers for guns such as ARs, AKs and CZ Scorpions. While not in the same class of firearm, it is only natural that Franklin offers a 10/22 binary trigger as well.
Unlike drop-in triggers, the BFSIII 22-C1 utilizes an existing trigger group and replaces most of the factory components besides the housing. The trigger includes a safety selector that replaces the typical cross-bolt safety with a three-position design that toggles between safe, single-shot and binary fire modes.
For those who don’t know, binary triggers facilitate faster shooting by firing a round when the trigger is pulled and then firing another once the trigger is released. Put simply, a 10/22 with a binary trigger can make quick work of a BX-25 magazine.
The ability of this model to toggle between single-shot and binary is also good because it enables more versatility than if it were permanently locked into binary mode. Essentially you aren’t married to only firing in binary mode, which increases the potential for fun without sacrificing practicality.
This trigger option from KIDD is highly customizable. Besides the color of the housing and trigger, the pull weight, style of magazine release and hammer springs can all be customized through KIDD’s website as well. Regardless of the options chosen, you will get a drop-in trigger unit with aluminum housing and tool steel trigger group parts.
While the pull weight is customizable, the two-stage functionality remains the same. The first stage features a bit of takeup before stopping at a definitive wall that precedes the second stage. The second stage then only requires a small bit of rearward travel to release the hammer and fire.
One thing to note, this trigger unit is advertised as a drop-in option, KIDD states that you should contact them if the unit is going into an SR-22. This is so they may remove material from the rear tang to best fit into the SR-22 chassis.
Knowing when to intervene with deadly force and when to not.
On May 15, 2021, a Fort Smith, Arkansas, man entered his apartment, procured a loaded hunting rifle and shot a man dead in front of the apartment building. The unnamed shooter (as of this writing) will likely not face criminal charges. Why? Because the shooting was done in defense of his neighbors; the individual who was shot was in the process of trying to kill other apartment dwellers after already killing one person.
Two legal doctrines allow a person to use force in self-defense. The first is when you reasonably believe the lives of others are in immediate danger of death or great bodily harm. This is what allowed the armed citizen to legally kill the perpetrator in the above example. The danger was imminent, and the shooter had amassed the facts and applied these facts, under the circumstances he was in, to legally shoot the individual.
This construct is also necessary with the second legal situation—that being to not only have a reasonable belief innocent lives are being endangered, but also you must be able to “stand in the shoes” of the individual or individuals one was protecting.
Stand In The Shoes
Let’s say you turn the corner to go into your local convenience store and see a subject on the ground, being kicked in the head and screamed at by another. Thinking that a severe, life-threatening beating was occurring, you pull your gun and shoot the person who was assaulting the “victim” on the ground.
Stopping another from suffering this kind of life-threatening assault would, in most jurisdictions, be deemed a legitimate act of use of force to save the life of another. However, if you were in a jurisdiction where you were required to “stand in the shoes” of the “victim,” you might be guilty of murder.
In this example, the apparent innocent victim had just robbed the store and was being confronted by someone who saw the robbery and wanted to prevent the robber’s escape but was using excessive force.
Another example would be if the person you were defending was, in fact, the initial aggressor in the altercation and, unbeknown to you, started the fight. Under these circumstances, you likely won’t get a self-defense jury instruction and be convicted of manslaughter.
So, how do you know?
Well … you don’t.
Think It Through
Let’s go over the thinking processes one should employ when possibly inserting oneself in a situation where you’d be defending another—not yourself.
If the person you’re defending is known to you, perhaps has been accompanied by you before the incident and you know they’re not a felon or first aggressor, then you should be on safe ground to defend them.
An example of this is if you’d been out shopping with your significant other, and as you return the shopping cart to the store, your significant other has been accosted and is either being robbed at knife- or gun-point … or being forced into another car. In this example, you’d be safe to stand in the shoes of the significant other and have reasonable grounds to believe your significant other is in grave, imminent danger. It could also equally apply to a child of yours.
But what if the person or persons you’re defending aren’t known to you? If that’s the case, you really need to have viewed the run-up, to the point where deadly force is warranted.
For example: If you walk into a convenience store and interrupt a robbery in progress, how do you know that, moments before, the clerk hadn’t drawn his own gun or disarmed the alleged suspect? Unless you personally know the clerk, you don’t. You’d be better off getting behind some cover, or at least concealment, and watch. After all, most robberies end without bloodshed, so playing the odds isn’t a bad tactic. If the robbery turns to you, though, then it’s your life in danger and a different analysis is warranted.
If you had been shopping and saw the beginning of the robbery (knowing the robber was in fact the robber), how do you know the gunman doesn’t have a partner watching for anyone like you to get involved?
In the case of a robbery in a store, bank or otherwise, my personal tactic is to get behind cover or leave. Unless I’ve seen bloodshed, then and only then am I likely to get involved. You should be making these decisions ahead of time. Being in the middle of a life-threatening event is a bad time to be making decisions that should’ve been made long before. You’ve decided to arm yourself; with that decision comes the responsibility to not go blindly through life without having studied, trained and practiced until the decision making in circumstances like these won’t be the major issue.
Editor's Note: This article originally appeared in the August 2021 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.
With the coming of bulkier smokeless powders, the .44 Russian cartridge case proved too small to permit efficient use of full charges of the new propellants. Though originally a blackpowder cartridge, the .44 Special—which is about 0.2-inch longer than the Russian—eliminated this problem and provided more power, while using the same bullets as the older .44 Russian.
This cartridge was introduced about 1907. Both Colt and Smith & Wesson made revolvers in this chambering, and a few Spanish and other European revolvers were also made to handle it. There has been a rebirth of interest in the .44 Special in the past few decades.
.44 Special Hornady projectiles in unfired, cross-sectioned and expanded states.
General Comments
The .44 Smith & Wesson Special is one of the most accurate and powerful big-bore revolver cartridges. However, it was never factory-loaded to its full potential. It was left to the handloader to develop truly effective hunting loads.
Experiments to maximize .44 Special’s big-game hunting potential by men like Elmer Keith, culminated in the .44 Magnum. The .44 S&W Special is still popular for target and field use. Revolvers for the .44 Special aren’t strong enough to handle loads as heavy as those used in Magnum guns. Winchester, Remington, Federal, Black Hills, CorBon, and others load this ammunition.
A new 9mm optics-ready pistol from Poland, the FB Radom VIS-100 M1 is now being imported and will be available later this month.
Developed as the next service pistol for the Polish military, the FB Radom VIS 100 was finalized in 2017 and sold to the Polish government over the following years. Originally called the PR-15 Ragun, it is a fairly typical 9mm double-stack hammer-fired service pistol with a DA/SA trigger and aluminum alloy frame. Now that Poland has seemingly ordered enough of these to fulfill their handgun needs, FB Radom can finally begin focusing on the export market. What that means for us in the U.S. is that a civilian variant will soon be available for purchase as the VIS-100 M1, with the importer Arms Of America promising them to be for sale later this month (July 2022).
The name change is obviously a reference to the Polish FB Vis pistol of WWII fame, but the designs themselves don’t have much in common besides being semi-automatic and 9mm. While it’s a new design, the overall profile and features of the VIS-100 M1 are reminiscent of a SIG P226. Its standard 15-round magazine capacity of 9mm suggests some influence as well. Otherwise, the VIS-100 M1 features a 4.3-inch barrel, fiber optic iron sights and a standard Picatinny rail segment beneath the dust cover. The pistol is also fully ambidextrous thanks to the inclusion of a mag release, thumb safety and slide release on each side, and the slide is milled to be optics-ready as well (the footprint pattern is not currently known).
The product page on Arms Of America’s website suggests that once available, the VIS-100 M1 will be able to be purchased with either a black, Inox or Cobalt Cerakote finish. Spare magazines will also be available in the standard 15-round, compliant 10-round and extended 17-round capacities. Depending on options, the MSRP of the pistol will range from $939 to $1,149. This is the least exciting part about the announcement, as when the VIS-100 M1 was originally teased it was advertised as having a significantly lower price of $739.
For more information, please visit the importer's website at armsofamerica.com.
A muzzle brake is an excellent way to reduce a firearm’s recoil, but it can come with some downsides. Here's what you need to know.
A muzzle brake is a common recoil-reducing accessory available for most modern small arms today. Because they are most commonly found on rifles, we'll focus on these for the buyer’s guide. But be aware that the muzzle device does exist for certain shotguns and handguns as well, despite some differences in design and terminology.
How A Muzzle Brake Works
Overall, how a muzzle brake functions isn't all that complicated. No matter its design, a brake redirects gasses at the muzzle to pull or push the gun much like a thruster. Generally this is in a rearward or sideways direction, counteracting the force of the recoil rearward into the shoulder.
Muzzle Brake Vs. Compensator
Before discussing muzzle brakes in greater detail, it’s important to know what separates them from compensators.
The boring reality of the situation is that it’s far more likely to come down to the marketing of a product rather than the specific way it functions. Companies often name a product a certain way to skirt restrictions or capitalize on market trends.
There is a tremendous amount of overlap between muzzle brakes and compensators, as they both utilize the expanding gas at the muzzle to redirect the gun in a constructive way. Simply put, the primary goal of a muzzle brake is recoil reduction while the primary goal of a compensator is to keep the muzzle level during firing.
Because of this difference, compensators are usually only seen on rifles that are intended to be fired from standing with little support. Compensators don’t do the shooter much good in a supported position, so if you are shooting off a barricade or with a bipod, a muzzle brake would be a better choice.
To make matters more confusing, there are a significant number of products available today that are truly neither a brake nor a compensator specifically but serve as neither and both equally.
Strictly speaking, a compensator is something that serves to reduce muzzle flip. Because of how they are currently made the vast majority of muzzle brakes could be considered to be compensators too.
The reverse is also true, and the result is that the terms have become nearly interchangeable for some individuals despite technical differences between the devices.
What this means for the buyer is that the individual qualities and features of a muzzle device should have a greater influence on your decision than whatever the manufacturer decided to name it. It also means that other aspects of a muzzle brake’s design are worth considering as well.
A substantial number of companies today make quick detach suppressor mounts as muzzle brakes. Companies like Q, SilencerCo and others all offer brake designs that are integral to attaching certain models of their suppressors. Even as standalone products, these usually deliver excellent function.
Muzzle Brakes For Rifles
As mentioned, the primary type of gun that benefits from a muzzle brake is the rifle.
In years past, it was not a usual thing to see a muzzle brake on a low-recoil rifle such as an AR-15. These types of rifles typically came with a simple flash hider, or during the ban years were not threaded at all. A muzzle brake on a rifle is most useful when recoil is too high for the shooter to maintain a proper sight picture in between shots.
In the old days, you would only typically find muzzle brakes mounted on large-caliber or magnum-class rifles. Because of the recoil of these guns, the ability to reduce their kick and gain confidence at long range was paramount.
What spurred brakes popularity on small-caliber semi-auto rifles was the end of the Federal Assault Weapons Ban in 2004. Up to that point, most rifles did not have threaded barrels thanks to the legislation. Today virtually all rifles come from the factory ready to accept a muzzle device regardless of their caliber. Times are changing, for the better.
There are quite literally hundreds of options when it comes to muzzle brakes nowadays. You can easily find one that will suit your specific firearm and shooting needs.
Many are designed for high-volume, rapid-fire competition shooting, and others to enhance precision. Concerning long-range rifles, brakes are favored to aid the shooter in spotting impacts on the target. Likewise, people interested in three-gun competitions often will mount a substantial muzzle brake on their AR to prevent the gun from rising under the recoil of a long string of shots.
Hunters similarly benefit from adding a muzzle brake, as it makes more powerful calibers easier to take to the field. They aren’t just for the recoil-sensitive, as a brake can help to improve your skill across the board and aid in making cleaner kills.
Large-bore rounds like the popular .450 Bushmaster are greatly aided by the addition of a muzzle brake due to it being chambered in light rifles. Under such circumstances, the brake helps its user put more meat on the table.
Muzzle Brake Vs. Flash Hider
While both are quite common, flash hiders are typically seen only on semi-automatic rifles that have minimal recoil, to begin with.
A typical flash hider does not have any function other than simply dissipating the physical flash of burning gas at the muzzle. There is no recoil reduction offered, and as such, it is a relatively uncommon sight on large-bore guns or magnum-class rifles. Because of their limited benefit and generally simpler construction, cheap flash hiders are often used as a placeholder muzzle device until the rifle’s owner decides to go with something else.
A Tapco AK-74-style muzzle brake vs. an AR-15 A2 flash hider.
Large-format pistols and SBRs are especially well served by flash hiders because of their short barrels. These guns are quite concussive as it is, and benefit from something that tames the fireballs they often produce.
Muzzle brakes on short-barreled rifles tend to only increase the concussion and produce a more formidable blast. Because of this, a flash hider may be a better choice for certain short-barreled firearms.
Another reason that one may opt for a flash hider over a muzzle brake is that in many types of shooting disciplines, such as service rifle competitions, only the former is allowed. The common military A2 flash hider is a great example of this, as it is legal in most service rifle and CMP competitions. This is to ensure that no shooter is competing with an unfair advantage through the use of a muzzle brake.
Discussion On Report
Blast is the unfortunate elephant in the room when it comes to any kind of muzzle brake. The energy created during firing has to go somewhere, and as a result, its redirection by a brake is often as unbearable on the ear as recoil is to the shoulder. For this reason, many people decide that mastering recoil makes more sense than risking their hearing.
The increased noise level produced by brakes may also dissuade hunters from using them, as many prefer to keep their wits about them by not wearing hearing protection.
While the benefits of a muzzle brake are many, the discomfort of using one in a field setting is often not worth it. Whether you are considering mounting one on a tactical carbine, a long-range rifle, a shotgun or otherwise, the pros and cons of each scenario must be weighed.
Best Muzzle Brake Buyer’s Guide:
Best AR-15 Muzzle Brake:
Midwest Industries Two Chamber Muzzle Brake
While this two-chamber design may seem simple at first glance, it does more than meets the eye. The Midwest Industries brake may be simple, but its design is incredibly effective at redirecting gasses to mitigate recoil and balance the gun. There’s a video floating around online of a man mag dumping his AR-15 in full-auto with one hand, and this muzzle brake alone was enough to make it seem as if it were locked in a vise.
An interesting side note is this brake’s shape is very reminiscent of an AK-74 muzzle brake, considered by many for a long time to be the most effective standard-issue device of its kind. Midwest Industries make their Two Chamber Brake in a variety of calibers and thread pitches, but the 1/2×28 5.56 version is an excellent way to turn your low-recoiling AR-15 into a no-recoiling AR-15. MSRP: $47.95 // midwestindustriesinc.com
Best AK Muzzle Brake:
Definitive Arms Fighter Brake
This muzzle brake has become a go-to recommendation in many AK circles. It’s simple, effective and extremely lightweight, and it’s less than a quarter-inch longer than a standard AKM slant brake. It also has a 14x1LH thread pitch, meaning it’s ready for any standard AKM-pattern AK, the most common variety on the market. If mounting it on something besides a 7.62x39mm gun, however, know that it’s rated for up to .45 caliber.
Also, while not a true flash hider, the Fighter Brake has “flash regulation” capacities as well, keeping it usable in low-light conditions. Compared to many other muzzle brakes on the market, this is an incredibly balanced, non-concussive design that presents few drawbacks when compared to a standard-configuration AK. MSRP: $39.99 // definitivearms.com
Best Precision Rifle Muzzle Brake:
APA Gen II Little Bastard
For those with powerful, long-range rifles that want some help keeping their sights on target after a shot, the APA Gen II Little Bastard is a big help. Its three-chamber design reduces a good amount of shoulder pain as well. It features 5/8×24 threading and is rated for up to .308 caliber, making it ready to mount on the most common precision rifle models out there.
Another major feature of this muzzle brake is it’s self-timing, meaning that it's easily swapped between rifles without the hassle of properly aligning the ports each time. The Little Bastard has become popular with many competition shooters in recent years as well, but less so with those who shoot next to them. This brake is loud, and prospective buyers should keep that in mind. Besides that it’s an extremely effective solution for long-range shooters. MSRP: $160 // americanprecisionarms.com
Best Suppressor Mount Muzzle Brake:
SilencerCo ASR Muzzle Brake
This three-port muzzle brake is available in a wide variety of different calibers and thread pitches, making it compatible with nearly anything you might want to mount it to. From standard AR-15s to 9mm PCCs to big-bore bolt-actions, this is an effective recoil-reducing option.
The real feature of these brakes, however, is that they are compatible with SilencerCo ASR suppressor mounts. This allows the user to quickly attach and detach one of SilencerCo’s many suppressor options without any tools in the field, increasing the versatility of the weapon. Even if you have no interest in a suppressor, this model is an effective and relatively affordable option that is compatible with a huge number of different guns. MSRP: $64.40-$92.00 // silencerco.com
Best Recoil-Reducing Muzzle Brake:
Precision Armament M4-72
Of all the muzzle brakes on this list, this is the one that best exemplifies both the benefits and drawbacks of devices such as these. The Precision Armament M4-72 is big, heavy and very concussive. It spits flames out the side like a hotrod when it shoots too. This is not a subtle design and both its appearance and effects when firing can be described as having an intimidating presence.
If all you want your muzzle brake to do is mitigate recoil, however, this is likely the most effective model on the list to accomplish it with, as Precision Armament claims that the .223/5.56 version reduces recoil by about 75 percent. MSRP: $89.99-$99.99 // precisionarmament.com
Editor's Note: Adam Borisenko contributed to this article.
Not imported for over seven years, the Zastava M77 .308 AK is now back in the USA and will be available soon.
At SHOT Show 2022, hidden on the back wall of the Zastava Arms USA booth, there was an unassuming AK with black furniture and a larger-than-usual magazine. Many passed by without an extra glance, but others recognized it as the famed Zastava M77 chambered for .308 that was last imported in 2015. The rifle’s presence at the show was cause for excitement, but much to the disappointment of AK aficionados, all the Zastava rep could answer when asked about future imports was “maybe.” Thankfully, however, that maybe is now a yes.
Two days ago, the official Zastava USA Reddit account posted the above photo to the AK subreddit with a bit of extra good news. He claimed that not only is the Zastava M77 now in-country and shipping out to distributors, but he announced an MSRP of $1,479, lower than what most were anticipating. Atlantic Firearms already has a page posted for the Zastava M77 with details and an even lower listed price of $1,373.99.
Officially called the PAP M77 Rifle, it can fire both .308 Winchester and 7.62x51mm NATO and features a 19.7-inch cold-hammer-forged and threaded barrel. It comes with black synthetic furniture with an adjustable stock, has an adjustable gas system and each rifle will ship with a 20-round magazine. If different furniture is desired, however, the Zastava M77 will also be able to accept Yugo-pattern handguards and buttstocks as well as standard AK pistol grips. A side-scope rail can be found on the left of the receiver as well.
An M77 as seen at SHOT 2022, sporting different furniture than the final import.
An official release date is not yet known, and Zastava USA doesn’t even have a product page up for it yet. Despite this, all signs point to its release in the near future, so keep an eye out if you want your own Combloc battle rifle.
When it comes to budget CZ-75 clones, the SAR 2000 wins.
Had things been different, Josef and František Koucký might’ve whiled away their days smoking big cigars in a villa overlooking the Vltava River. As it stands, the talented gun designers’ names are little more than footnotes. That’s difficult to reconcile, given their creation is perhaps one of the most prolific handguns of the last half-century: the CZ-75.
Why yes, one of the original “Wonder Nines” of the 1970s earned the Kouckýs little kudos … and even less money. Therein lies the rub, given the sheer number of CZ’s iterations of the recoil-operated, semi-automatic pistol and its throngs of mimics. Weak Combloc patent laws allowed the bird to fly the coop, and every Tom, Dick and Harry with a manufacturing concern popped off their version of the “Wonder Nine.” Perhaps no other gun of the past 50 years has been more copied; it took more than a century for John Browning’s 1911 to develop as many facsimiles. Alas, if there were only royalty checks for the Kouckýs.
The talented Czech designers’ loss has been many shooters’ gain. The CZ-75 clone wars spurred some true gems, many long on performance and some short on price. Which, for all intents and purposes, describes the Sarsilmaz 2000, more commonly known as the SAR 2000.
The duty-sized CZ clone is an ideal home-defense option or an entry-level option for a dedicated competition gun.
The Turks Are Coming!
The who and the what? You’re forgiven if Sarsilmaz isn’t part of your everyday firearms vernacular—it doesn’t exactly roll off the tongue like Browning, Glock or Sig Sauer.
But the Turkish company has the historic chops to hang with many of the top names, and it has proven that in the recent decade. Operating out of Istanbul, Sarsilmaz has turned out sporting and military-grade firearms since around 1880. Currently, the company’s claim to fame is outfitting the Turkish National Police and armed forces with sidearms—the country’s only privately held company that can make that boast.
If an American has heard of them, it’s been through Sarsilmaz’s more recent forays into the American market under its U.S. operation, SAR USA. Most notably, the SAR 9 striker-fired pistol has earned its share of kudos, offering one of the best-priced, no-compromise Glock 19 clones to come down the pike. The SAR Model 2000 does much the same for CZ clones, though this isn’t the pistol’s first time around the block in America.
Yanks have fawned over the Turkish double-action/single-action (DA/SA) pistol previously under the banner of Armalite, the somewhat forgotten AR-24. Though this latest iteration is more closely related to the original 9mm Sarsilmaz DA/SA—the Sarsilmaz Kilinç 2000—than the AR model. To that end, as for the pistol’s CZ-75 DNA, it has much more of an Italian accent than a Czech. The heater is an echo of an echo.
In particular, the SAR 2000 seems to more closely mimic Tanfoglio’s take on the CZ-75 more than the original. This isn’t only seen in the pistol’s Mediterranean aesthetics, but also some of its more weighty design points. In particular, the SAR 2000’s fire control adopts the Tanfoglio design.
Disassembly of the SAR 2000 is straightforward for anyone familiar with the CZ-75 or any of its mimics.
At times, many shooters have contended the Italian pistol offered a better, more consistent trigger pull than what came out of CZ. That’s a barbershop debate point, not set-in-stone gospel. I could find few complaints about how the Turkish pistol tripped, so there might be something to the contention.
While it’s comparable to the Italian CZ-75 clone, it beats it in one of the most difficult categories—price. With a suggested retail price of $478, it’s among the most affordable options hitting gun store shelves. On top of that, there isn’t a lot of compromise in what a shooter receives.
Out Of The Box
I have a soft spot for hammer guns and plenty of steel, which is to say, I was taken aback when I unpacked the SAR 2000 for the first time. Sans the magazine follower and grip panels, the pistol is head-to-toe metal—good stuff to boot. Now, the 9mm isn’t quite stainless steel, but a high-quality, high-chromium alloy known for its toughness and corrosion resistance. But where the material mattered most, at least in this initial take, was its heft.
When it comes to CZ-75 clones that don’t run an arm and a leg, and don’t compromise on performance, the Sarsilmaz more than holds its own.
Make no mistake: The SAR 2000 is no lightweight. In fact, there’s a full 32 ounces of pistol to contend with, making it an out-in-out behemoth. The duty-sized pistol balances nicely in the hand, with its 4.5-inch barrel giving it a bit of front weight. Honestly, these are welcome attributes, though they break from the modern herd. The 9mm Luger is polite as far as semi-auto pistol rounds go and is a plum kitten out of a gun with the 2000’s bulk.
Despite the gun’s weight, it fit my medium-sized hands very well with enough room; small-handed shooters most likely will find it comfortable. Sarsilmaz puts curves and contours in the perfect places, allowing it to snake to the palm and intuitively form a fundamental high grip. The soft, rubber grip panels also do their part, keeping the pistol in place and on target. They’re needed, given there’s only a small patch of checkering on the front and back straps, so something has to make up the difference.
A largish trigger guard gives fast access to the trigger and is spacious enough to run with gloved hands.
As to the SAR 2000’s aesthetics, it’s a racy-looking gun. First off, it sports a traditionally shaped dust cover, another way of saying it’s sans an accessory rail, lending traditional appeal. Next, its classic lines are set off by an unconventional beveled slide, which reminded me of another famous CZ-75 mimic—IWI’s Jericho. The comparison is furthered given the more aggressive cocking serrations—rear only—which is similar to many versions of the Israeli pistol.
The 2000 I handled was finished matte black thanks to the Turkish company’s proprietary nitrocarburizing process. This gave the pistol a tactical and rugged look, as well as protection from the elements. However, for those who need a bit more bling, Sarsilmaz offers an equally attractive flat, stainless steel finished model.
Controllability
Lefties, you might not care for what’s coming. Pleasant as the SAR 2000 is, it won’t play nice with your wrong-handed ways. All the controls are on the left side of the frame and non-reversible. However, there’s plenty of utility in what’s offered up to run the gun.
Here I speak primarily of the thumb safety lever. What a relief! A thumb safety, in my humble opinion, vastly improves the utility of a DA/SA pistol. Simply put, you can carry such a piece cocked-and-locked, skipping the long-and-heavy, double-action stage. That’s an advantage for anyone who values greater accuracy on the draw.
The safety proved very positive and easy to manipulate on the fly, making the pistol a great candidate to carry cocked and locked.
My Wheeler trigger pull scale averaged around 5 pounds flat with a very sharp and consistent break in single action. In double-action, the pistol required nearly 12.5 pounds of rearward force to crack off a shot. So, the advantage of the safety is obvious.
That said, if you prefer the insurance against missteps hastened by sympathetic nerve responses, the DA trigger is respectable. Smooth goes a long way in defeating heavy, and the DA pull on the SAR is slick. The steel trigger does its part, too. Sporting a traditional steeply curved shoe, it proves very responsive no matter what stage the pistol is in. The reset is terse as they come and picks up the pistol’s pace.
Typically contoured, the 2000’s trigger was responsive in both double- and single-action. But SA is the way to go.
There are some other minor points worth touching on that enhance the control and manipulation of the SAR. An ample trigger guard makes getting onto the switch hassle-free; though I didn’t shoot with gloves, its large enough mitts shouldn’t prove a barrier. An ample beavertail not only protects from slide or hammer bites, but also offers a solid landmark for fast and proper hand placement. A well-sized mag release picked up reloads considerably. Well, that and the fact the magazine dropped like ripe apples.
Sarsilmaz At The Range
I was excited to see what the Turkish heater had to offer in live fire … and I wasn’t a bit disappointed.
Through 200 rounds—no torture test, to be sure—the gun didn’t have one hiccup, and I challenged it in this facet. In addition to three Federal SynTech loads, I also pitched Wolf steel-case 115 FMJ—not always the easiest stuff to extract.
As for accuracy, it was spot on. At 25 yards in single action, the best showing came from Federal 150-grain SynTech Action Pistol, which printed the tightest group of the day—3.25 inches. However, through all the ammo I ran, none veered much over the 3.5-inch mark when shooting supported off sandbags. This is more than adequate for a pistol and greatly aided by the 2000’s top-notch forged and crowned barrel.
I ran several dot drills and target transitions with the pistol. The SAR 2000 shined through it all. As expected, the copious iron was gentlemanly in recoil, allowing me to move quickly between targets, and the trigger more than did its job. I didn’t walk away a fan of the double-action trigger. The weight is challenging and a polar opposite of its impressive single-action trigger. That said, for what it is, I didn’t hate it and found it more than acceptable for this style of gun.
As to sights—typical steel three-dot—they’re more than familiar to any modern shooter and were easy to run. For most, they should prove a solid option; if not, the rear is dovetailed and easily upgradable.
Parting Shot
Affordable and ready to run, the SAR 2000 might be the top budget CZ-75 clone out today. That’s a steep statement, but one I feel my time with the pistol backs up. This is a good thing beyond penny pinchers adding a version of the classic to their collection.
The fit is excellent on the Turkish pistol, with nary a wiggle between slide and frame.
While the gun is more than up for home defense duty and would excel in this role, where I think it best fits is as an entry-level competitive pistol. I imagine the practical-pistol competitor in the market for his or her first dedicated race gun—with a tab in the hundreds, not thousands—will appreciate what Sarsilmaz has accomplished. But at the price the Turks are asking, really you don’t require a set-in-stone objective to enjoy what the SAR 2000 brings to the table.
It’s no genuine CZ-75, nor one of its high-end clones, but it doesn’t have to be. The SAR 2000 more than represents the lineage—only at a fraction of the price.
SAR 2000 Specs:
Caliber: 9mm
Action: DA/SA
Sights: Steel Three-Dot
Barrel Length: 4.5 Inches
Weight: 35.2 Ounces
Capacity: 17+1 ; 10+1
Editor's Note: This article originally appeared in the October 2021 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.
The Fourth of July is, of course, a time for we Americans to celebrate our liberties and inalienable rights. Here at Gun Digest, one right is always floating around our heads, particularly on our Nation's birthday — the right to bear arms. Not only does the Second Amendment give us the ability to thwart tyranny and protect ourselves and our families, it also has spawned incredible firearms along the way.
We Americans have a knack at engineering, especially when it comes to guns. We cut some out of whole cloth and others we improve on time-tested designs. And in the end, we come up with implements that change world history.
With that in mind, here are the top 10 most American guns of all time. Of course, we know we might've left out your favorite or added one you don't agree with. Share your thoughts in the comments below.
Good for injecting lead into distant deer and Red Coats alike. More generally known now as the Kentucky or Pennsylvania rifle, these elegant flintlocks are a symbol of American independence. And they gave the Colonists a great advantage in the American Revolution, with the gun's rifled bore and long barrels extending their user's effective range out to 200 yards and beyond. While they played a role in the American War for Independence, it was small compared to the British-made Brown Bess Musket, the primary arm of our Nation’s Army. The rifles came about during the French and Indian War with Lancaster, Pa., the most commonly referenced place of origin. It is generally accepted that the American Long Rifle was a modification of the Germanic Jäger rifle, produced by Swiss and Germen settlers of the region. But there are more recent theories that suggest English Trade Guns also had a large influence on the design, particularly the American Long Rifle’s longer barrel and smaller caliber.
Colt Paterson
To be sure, old Sam Colt and his company would go on to produce much more iconic firearms. But the wellspring was the Paterson. Patented in 1836 and produce until 1842, the cap-and-ball, black-powder pistol was the first commercially successful repeating firearm to use a revolving cylinder. As Colt’s fans most likely know, the popular story is Colt conceived of the revolver during his teenage years at sea, inspired by the ship's steering mechanism. That might be, but there were likely examples of flintlock revolvers — such as Elisha Collier’s — he saw on his trip. They were somewhat common in India, and his destination was Calcutta. No matter how inspiration struck, we Americans are sure happy it did. Not only did the design lead to some true firearms legends, it’s still a concept that dominates nearly 200 years later. Photo: Hmaag
If the brass receiver of the 1860 Henry doesn’t spark some primal urge to thumb off 16 rounds as fast as you can work the lever, then there is no hope for you. The repeating rifle was the brainchild of Benjamin Tyler Henry, sort of. It was basically an improvement on Volition and Volcanic rifles, designs Oliver Winchester acquired when Volcanic Repeating Arms went bankrupt. Henry soon set to refining the design when he was hired by Winchester in 1858 as superintendent at the New Haven Repeating Arms Company. Perhaps one of the weightiest modifications was the self-cocking mechanism that operated in concert with the lever-action. The gun saw some action in the Civil War, but was by no means the dominant arm of the conflict. However, the fact soldiers would spend their own hard-earned pay — one would say wisely so — to purchase them to take into battle speaks volumes as to what the rifle brought to the fight. It was also the foundation — with improvements — for the majority of lever-action rifles that would go on to win the Old West, such as the Winchester 1873.
There probably isn’t a single pistol that encapsulates more of America than this Colt. It is the West forged in steel. A testament to this, these single-action legends have been rolling off — reluctantly so, upon occasion — Colt's assembly line for going on 150 years. The gun itself doesn’t represent a huge technological leap from what was being produced at the time. But when prevailing design points of the era were married to the powerful .45 Colt round, well, it was like when Butch met Sundance. While the U.S. Army originally adopted the revolver, the lore around it grew from its use by famous good and bad guys of the Old West. The likes of Wyatt Earp, Bat Masterson, Doc Holliday and others all relied on the accuracy, power and reliability of the Colt at one time or another. Then Hollywood got a hold of it and brought the SAA to near godlike stature. Dave Campbell perhaps said it best, “Whether used to protect and defend, an ersatz hammer to pound fence staples or as a movie star, the Colt Single Action Army has delivered every time.”
As far as warhorses are concerned, few have been ridden longer than the Springfield 1903. The tried-and-true five-round bolt-action made its appearance soon after the Spanish-American War and served all the way up to Vietnam. Heck, the U.S. Army’s Drill Team still snaps to attention with this classic at their side. The rifle came about due to U.S. troops being outclassed by the Spanish Army’s M1893 Mauser in the Spanish-American War. Utilizing design points from the Springfield Model 1892–99 Krag–Jørgensen (which the Springfield replaced) and the Mauser G98, the 1903 was born. The two biggest improvements on it from the ’Krag–Jørgensen were a faster-to-load internal magazine, one able to utilize stripper-clips, and a chamber able to handle higher-pressure rounds. It was originally chambered to shoot the short-lived .30-03, but was soon upgraded to fire the legendary .30-06 Springfield.
A true red-blooded American semi-auto. In the 20th Century, there has been no more revered firearm than the M1911. Created by prolific firearms designer John M. Browning, the semi-automatic pistol, or some variation on it, has seen action in nearly every American conflict since World War I. And like the Springfield Rifle, the pistol was born out of the harsh lessons of war. In the Philippine-American War, Moro guerrilla just wouldn’t drop after multiple shots of .38 Long Colt from soldiers’ Colt M1892 revolvers. Long story short, this sparked trials to replace the revolver that lasted nearly 6 years. In the end, Colt’s M1911 was the last gun standing. What made it a desirable sidearm is what still attracts shooters today — its simplicity and reliability. A look back at the field tests themselves sums it up pretty well, “[D]uring a 6,000 round test fired over two days in 1910… (Browning’s) sample pistol became so hot that it was simply dunked in a pail of water to cool it for further firing. Browning’s sample reportedly passed the test with no malfunctions.” The other aspect of the M1911 that makes it so desirable, it’s chambering. The .45 ACP delivers a lot of energy on the target, but not at the cost of being unmanageable.
Ma is American fury in .50 caliber. Next to the M1911, the M2 Browning is the longest serving firearm in the U.S. inventory. And unless there is some major breakthrough in the near future, expect this wicked behemoth to continue slinging whoop ass down range for years to come. As its name suggests, it is yet another brainchild of firearms genius John M. Browning and came about due to the increased use of armor in World War I. Pitching the mammoth .50 BMG (Browning Machine Gun) round, the M2 could make mincemeat out of all but the heaviest armored vehicles and a whole bunch more. In fact, Ma Deuce’s versatility is most likely what keeps her forever young. The massive .50 caliber has and is used for nearly every conceivable military purpose, from anti-personal to hard-target interdiction to anti-aircraft to primary and secondary weapons on fighting vehicles. And it has an incredible range of projectiles to send at enemies, giving a heavy machine gunner an astonishing toolbox from which to work.
Of all the arrows in the U.S. Military’s quiver during World War II, the M1 Garand was the sharpest. While the rest of the world’s military forces were playing around with bolt-action rifles during the conflict, the Yanks were laying down accurate, high-volume fire with the M1. In short, the Garand was decisive. No wonder Gen. George S. Patton dubbed it “the greatest battle implement ever devised.” The .30-caliber M1 Garand was adopted by the U.S. in 1936, replacing the 1903 Springfield. John Garand, who was as unique as his weapon, devised the rugged and reliable rifle. The French-Canadian immigrant caught the attention of the government, who gave him a position at the Springfield Armory. The machinist turned engineer spent the next decade and a half basically devising the M1. Luckily, it was just in time to lead our boys to victory in the countryside of Europe and the islands of the Pacific.
This is the undisputed modern day American rifle. If for no other reason than how dang widespread the AR-15 and all its variants have become both on the civilian and military markets. And with manufacturers playing with new chamberings and design points all the time, only expect the Black Rifle to grow in scope and scale. As far as American gun designs are concerned, at least circa the 1950s, the AR-15 was a radical departure. Plastic, aluminum, small caliber — it seemed to run counter to all intuition, especially for a rifle that would (or more precisely its military adaptation, the M16 would) eventually take the place of the wood and steel M14. Perhaps the most revolutionary point of Eugene Stoner’s design was the use of direct gas impingement (though he did not consider it exactly this) to cycle the AR-15. While the concept existed, it was not the dominant design point at the time, with most of the world’s semi-automatic rifles utilizing short- and long-stroke piston systems. Opting for DI, Stoner not only engineered a lighter rifle, but a more accurate one, due to the fact that the AR-15’s barrel was essentially free floating. The other aspect that has kept the rifle rolling is its capacity. The AR-15’s eventual chambering of the small-bore, high-velocity 5.56 NATO/.223 Rem., not only allowed more rounds per magazine but also more ammunition to be carried on person.
It makes sense there is only one shotgun on this list, because there are few other smoothbores that are even half as prolific as the Remington Model 870. The only one that gets close is the Mossberg 500, which has surpassed the 10 million mark. As of 2016, more than 11 million of the rough-and-ready Remington pump-actions had been produced. That puts it up there as one of the most manufactured firearms in history — a list primarily dominated by military rifles. The reliable 870 has played nearly every role expected of a shotgun, from hunter to home-defense weapon to law enforcement tool to battle implement. To the first point in that list, 870s could very well have put more meat on the table than any other gun given its sheer profusion. What made the 870 (and still makes it) such a hit when it was introduced in 1950 was its affordability and performance. Utilizing new post-World War II manufacturing techniques, Remington was able to churn out these dependable, well-made smoothbores en mass and economically. The first year alone there were 15 different models to choose from. And given their sturdy construction, they’re pretty danged hard to stop from chewing through shells. Good chance rats and cockroaches will use the 870 to fight each other long after man disappears from the face of the earth — at least the American ones.
While today there is no shortage of lightweight, intermediate-caliber carbines, that was not always the case. The AR-15 was only beginning to be adopted by U.S. armed forces in 1962, and it took quite a while longer for it to become the ultra-common working man’s rifle that it is today. For many decades following WWII, that role was filled by the M1 carbine. Officially designated as the United States Carbine, Caliber .30, M1, the M1 carbine is very lightweight and handy, even having a folding stock variant. It’s chambered for .30 Carbine, a 110-grain projectile that travels about 1,990 fps. This allowed it to serve as a pseudo-intermediate cartridge before that concept was truly introduced with 8mm Kurz. Issued with 15- and 30-round detachable box magazines, the M1 (and eventually M2) carbine served as one of our nation’s most formidable small arms for many years both at home and abroad. Much like what would happen later with the AR family of rifles, servicemen who had experienced the M1 carbine at war understood its utility, leading many to acquire their own after returning home. For many years before the proliferation of AR-15s, the M1 was the most “tacticool” option available. The M1 carbine may have never received the household-name recognition that the General Patton-endorsed M1 Garand did, but it is equally as historically important and was arguably an even more forward-thinking design when it was introduced.
Editor's Note: Adam Borisenko contributed to this article.
A look at some American-crafted gear for American gunners.
Political correctness has never been my strong suit. My editors have gotten used to it; they just replace potentially offensive comments with smoother language. I’m OK with that; that’s their job, and it makes them feel like they’re doing something good for humanity.
However, while this article isn’t intended to offend anyone, it’s all about American made. There are a lot of sub-par products in the gun world, but there’s also a lot of good stuff, too. This article is about stuff for shooters that’s made in America—and works. I know, because I’ve used them.
You might already know about some of these companies but might not know about some of the cool stuff they make. If you believe in supporting American manufacturing but also demand high quality … well, here you go.
Hunters HD Gold
Hunter’s HD Gold shooting glasses are premium eye protection that protect your eyes from more than just ballistic concerns.
Most shooting glasses are less than great, but you can’t say that about the glasses from Hunter’s HD Gold. They’re ballistic rated—but more importantly, they’re photochromatic and treated to eliminate harmful rays. The gold-colored lenses also enhance contrast and help you see better when shooting, hunting, driving or … well, doing just about anything.
Several styles are available, but unlike most of the overseas junk, you can have Hunter’s HD Gold lenses cut to your prescription and fitted to you own frames! I don’t shoot or hunt without them. Prices start at $375. HuntersHDgold.com
Lehigh Defense
Lehigh Defense Controlled Chaos bullets are precision machined from copper. They’re extremely accurate and deadly.
There are several great American bullet companies, but none have embraced the leadless projectile like Lehigh Defense. They create some incredibly magnificent bullets for special applications and special operations. Black Hills and Buffalo Bore are now using Lehigh bullets.
One of their most creative projectiles is the Controlled Chaos. This is a solid copper bullet with a front end that turns to shrapnel during penetration, creating massive tissue damage. But like with the Nosler Partition, the base of the bullet continues to penetrate. They’re offered in a variety of calibers and bullet weights. My son killed his Africa buffalo with a single Lehigh Defense Controlled Chaos bullet. Enough said! LehighDefense.com
Wyoming Sight Drifter
The Wyoming Sight Drifter is an ingenious tool that’ll make installing or removing dovetail sights easier than you can imagine.
Installing and adjusting iron sights on rifles and handguns has traditionally been done by pounding on a brass rod with a hammer. If you’ve done this, you’ve no doubt wondered how it’s possible to hit a brass rod so hard and not move the sight. You’ve also probably missed the brass rod and hit your gun or your finger, all the while thinking, There has to be a better way. Well, there is, and it’s called the Wyoming Sight Drifter.
This is an incredibly simple device, consisting of a brass punch on one end and a spring-loaded hammer on the other. It’s only about 5 inches long and weighs less than 3 ounces. You place the brass end against the sight, pull on the spring-loaded end … and let it go. The spring-loaded hammer impacts the brass end, and inertia causes the sight to move. I’ve used mine hundreds of times and have yet to find a sight it won’t install. It costs only $35. WyomingSightDrifter.com
Skinner Sights
Incredibly well-made and compact, the Skinner takedown rifle case is a perfect way to carry and transport a takedown rifle.
Montana-based Skinner sights is known for their rugged aperture-style peep sights, and they’re used by several firearms manufacturers. However, what you probably don’t know is that Skinner Sights has recently gotten into gun cases. They offer a variety of cases to include a very unique garment bag rifle case that’ll hang in your closet.
But their coolest new case is one made for take-down rifles. I picked up one ($59) for my Dove Custom Marlin 336 lever-scout in 35 Remington, and it’s amazing how compact this case makes for carrying this gun and a full box of ammo. While you’re ordering, take some time and enjoy the Skinner Sights website, you’ll find all kinds of goodies there. SkinnerSights.com
EDC CLP
I’ll keep this one short and sweet. If you like for your guns to run and you like for them to last, you should use a high-quality cleaner, lubricant and protector. EDC CLP’s detergent properties penetrate deep into the crevasses of moving parts to prevent carbon buildup, and it’s designed to function in high heat.
It not only increases the firearm’s lubricity, but it also cleans while you’re shooting. It’s patented, it’s made in America and it works. A 2-ounce bottle retails for $14.99 EDCclp.com
Gauge Outfitters
The Gauge Outfitters paracord tool is a piece of kit that should be in every shooter’s or outdoorsman’s ditty bag.
I stumbled on this company by accident, and what I found was a fantastic range bag and a very unique tool to manage paracord. Their Heritage Gun Range Bag is 100-percent American made out of durable 1000D Cordura. It measures 16 by 12 by 9 inches and comes with two dividing inserts, has a removable hard bottom and one of its neatest features is a built-in, roll-out gun mat that can be used for cleaning or just as a clean place to lay out your gear. At $150, it’s not cheap, but it’s without question the best range bag I’ve seen.
As for the paracord tool, essentially, it’s a spool to store paracord on. In reality, it’s much more. It has a built-in blade to cut the paracord and a built-in socket to store a lighter to burn the ends of the cord after it’s been cut. Retail price is only $16.49, but if you use a lot of paracord, this tool is worth three times that much. GaugeOutfitters.com
Wilson Combat
Looking for one magazine that’ll work with the 223/5.56, .300 Blackout and .300 Hamr? Look to Wilson Combat.
If you’re a gun person and haven’t heard of Wilson Combat, we probably can’t be friends. Wilson Combat builds the best-quality ARs and 1911-styled pistols, but what many might not know is that Wilson Combat is now offering a 30-round, multi-caliber AR-15 magazine that’ll work with the .223 Remington/5.56 NATO, .300 Blackout and the .300 HAMR. It retails for $18.95. The .300 HAMR was specifically designed for the AR-15 by Wilson Combat and is probably the best dual-purpose hunting/tactical cartridge available in that platform. It duplicates the ballistics of the .30-30 Winchester and is now SAAMI approved.
Wilson Combat’s eXperior EDCX9 pistol is the ultimate expression of a self-defense handgun.
You can convert your .223/5.56 AR to .300 HAMR with nothing but a new barrel and the aforementioned magazine. Wilson Combat has all the ammo you need, and while you’re there ordering, do not check out their Experior Commander Double-Stack pistol unless there’s a lot of space on your credit card. WilsonCombat.com
Andy’s Leather
Andy’s Leather crafts some of the best leather shooting slings available anywhere, at any price.
There’s lots of custom leather crafters out there that make holsters, straps and other gun accessories. Andy’s Leather, however, specializes in shooting slings—not carry straps—that help stabilize your shooting position.
Andy at Andy’s leather is Gunsite Academy trained and is the go-to source for Ching slings and Rhodesian-style shooting slings. Prices range from about $40 to $65, and he also offers a variety of other quality leather goods. AndysLeather.com
Wicked Grips
Humans have been fascinated by weaponry since some caveman used a rock to kill something. Like a hammer, a firearm is just a tool, but to humans these tools have a special meaning. And, just like a caveman probably decorated his favorite rock, soldiers, shooters and hunters have been decorating their weaponry for centuries.
With handguns, the best way to do this is with custom grips, and you won’t find any cooler than those from Wicked Grips. Ed Strange with Wicked Grips told me, “I manufacture all my stuff here. If it’s not made from raw materials in my facility, it’s made in a vendor/partner facility here in the USA. The aluminum panels we use are bare machined parts my buddy Chris at Alumagrips machines for us, to our specifications. Everything else we make. There are 1,200 products when all variations are counted. Nothing foreign!” WickedGrips.com
Kitanica
The RSP pants from Kitanica are great for range wear, farm work and hunting. They’re nearly indestructible.
Kitanica’s new Nightwatch pullover has become one of my favorite outer garments. It reminds me of the commando-type wool sweaters of World War II, but it’s made of Power Stretch Pro Polartec. And comfortable and warm it is. It also makes a fine-looking outer garment with enough length to cover an IWB holster. It’s $150 and you’ll look good in it; maybe not as good as I do, but good enough.
Kitanica’s RSP pants might be even better. I tried them three years ago and have been hooked ever since. They have more pockets than you can use, and the pocket placement, belt loops and closures are all well thought out. However, their most important attribute is durability. They’ll outlast most relationships, they’re American made, retail for $175 and are worth every single penny. Kitanica.com
Versacarry
The Versacarry Ammo Caddy is, hands down, the best device for carrying extra ammunition on your rifle.
Versacarry is a well-known manufacturer of well-made-but-affordable handgun holsters. What many don’t know is that they make the best gadget for carrying extra ammunition on your rifle. Lace-up leather butt-cuffs have always been popular, especially on lever guns, but the Versacarry Ammo Caddy is lighter, easier to install and looks and works better. It even comes with a belt pad that allows you to switch its location or carry an extra Ammo Caddy.
I’ve written about the Ammo Caddy multiple times in these pages, and I’m astonished it’s not one of Versacarry’s best-selling items at $54.99. Pay attention, because there’s no better way to carry ammunition on your rifle. Period! VersaCarry.com
Editor's Note: This article originally appeared in the 2021 USA special issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.
Sig Sauer has just announced the M400-DH3 rifle, a new competition AR-15 designed in collaboration with competitive shooter Daniel Horner.
Designs are often refined by people who are skilled at using the item in question. Just as a high-performance vehicle can be improved by an expert driver’s input, so too can the designs of firearms with the help of professional shooters. Daniel Horner is one such individual, and after years of shooting competitively for Team SIG, he and the company collaborated to create the M400-DH3 rifle.
The M400-DH3 has been configured to exactly match what Horner has been competing with for the past two years, and he’s already used it to rack up several more titles in that time. The rifle features an aluminum frame and utilizes the SIG Direct Impingement (SDI) gas system. It features a .223 Wylde chamber and the stainless steel barrel is 16 inches, fluted and has a 1:8 twist. Each gun also includes an adjustable DH3 competition buttstock, a 2-stage adjustable Timney trigger and a 3-chamber compensator. Other notable features of the M400-DH3 are its ambidextrous bolt release, low-profile M-LOK handguard and its light weight of only 7 pounds.
Horner said this on the M400-DH3:
For the past two years I have been shooting in competition with the M400-DH3 rifle and what you get right out of the box is my set-up. We took our time to release this gun because I wanted all the elements to be my competition set-up from my trigger to the stock…I’ve won multiple titles with this exact build and even if you’re not taking it into competition, you are sure to enjoy the custom features that we have put into the M400-DH3.
The official MSRP is not yet listed, but expect it to be at least $1,600.
Looking to trick out your Ruger 10/22 or build one from scratch? An aftermarket 10/22 receiver is a great place to start.
Factory-configured Ruger 10/22s are great firearms with a well-deserved reputation for being rugged and reliable. However, 10/22 shooters today can enjoy the ability to employ aftermarket components, including receivers, to customize their rifle and tailor it to their specific wants and needs.
Many aftermarket 10/22 receiver models feature integral scope mounts, often utilizing Picatinny rails that make mounting a variety of optics much easier. This also eliminates the need to install a conventional optic mount on top of a drilled and tapped receiver.
If desired, one could easily cobble together a lightweight 10/22 using aftermarket options like a Volquartsen Superlite receiver. Swapping receivers can also yield other benefits such as better resistance to the elements or innovative features such as easier internal access for cleaning.
There is such an abundance of aftermarket components on the market that it is possible to build a 10/22 without using a single Ruger factory part. While starting with a factory 10/22 certainly helps, as you will have the other major parts to work with once you get a new receiver, it is not a prerequisite.
If you were to buy just a 10/22 receiver, you could complete the firearm only using components that best fit your needs and desires. This method also allows one to get what they want from the get-go rather than ending up with a heap of useless spare parts.
Again, there is nothing wrong with the original 10/22 receivers made by Ruger. The company has been producing this model since 1964 and certainly knows what it is doing.
The 10/22 in standard configuration already had what it took to establish itself as the premier semi-auto .22 rifle in the U.S., but the considerable aftermarket that followed only helped to solidify its eminence. An already versatile design when introduced, today’s ability to replace every component with a non-Ruger one allows the rifle to be made even more so.
As shooters’ tastes and needs constantly evolve, so too do the options for aftermarket 10/22 receivers and parts. Regardless of what you need your rifle to do for you, there’s a possible 10/22 build out there that can do it.
Replacing A 10/22 Receiver:
Swapping out a factory 10/22 receiver for an aftermarket one is a straightforward process that can be accomplished at home using common tools. No trips to the gunsmith or specialized instruments are required.
After verifying that the firearm is unloaded and safe, the barreled action must be removed from the stock or chassis. This is achieved by loosening and removing the screw forward of the magazine well on the underside of the rifle. Next, the safety must be pushed into a neutral and centered position that will allow the barreled action to be lifted from the stock or chassis.
Once the barreled action has been freed from its bonds, the trigger pack can be removed easily by pushing the trigger pins out with a punch or similar tool. Then, push out the recoil buffer at the rear of the receiver and pull the bolt rearward. The charging handle can be removed while the bolt is at its rearmost position by tilting the charging handle down from the front of the receiver. Once the charging handle is removed, the bolt assembly can be taken out of the receiver.
Next, the barrel must be removed. The barrel removal process on a 10/22 is simple and only requires the removal of two screws from the V-Block on the underside of the receiver where it meets the barrel. Once the barrel has been removed, the receiver is now fully stripped, and you can begin installing everything on the new aftermarket 10/22 receiver. This is achieved by reversing the process described above.
A disassembled aftermarket 10/22 receiver, barrel and chassis. Photo: Luth-AR.
The takedown process may also require an extra step or two depending on the 10/22 model you are working with. For example, the carbine models feature a barrel band that must be removed before separating the barreled action from the stock. However, with some specific exceptions aside, the takedown process is generally the same across all 10/22-based designs.
This is by no means an exhaustive list of aftermarket 10/22 receivers, but these selections represent a variety of designs from multiple manufacturers. There are also more specialized aftermarket receivers that were excluded from this list, such as those for 10/22 Takedown models, so just be aware that options are plentiful. Since most 10/22 models on the market are the common non-takedown variant, these options were chosen to be compatible with a majority of 10/22s out there.
If you’re looking to upgrade an existing 10/22 or build a rifle or pistol from scratch, these options have you covered. Some receivers on the market come with little to no extra components while others include more parts. Most receivers will include a V-Block assembly, eliminating the need to reuse the one that came with your original 10/22. Other options include the entire bolt carrier assembly and V-Block as well, providing an additional upgrade and making it easier to complete your build. Now let’s look at some receivers.
Tactical Innovations ELITE22 Receiver
This 10/22 receiver features a billet aluminum construction and an integral Picatinny rail. The extended rail provides ample space for mounting whatever optic you wish. Tactical Innovations also offers a variety of add-on options if you purchase the receiver from them. Options include bolt assemblies, hardware packages and trigger assemblies. The receiver is also available in a variety of Cerakote colors such as black, red, blue and olive drab. Tactical Innovations also runs frequent sales on their parts and components, allowing you to keep more money in your pocket. This receiver is a good choice for those who want a lightweight 10/22 receiver that won’t break the bank. MSRP: $194.49 // Weight: 8.3oz // Site: tacticalinc.com
Fletcher Rifle Works OpenTop 11/22 Receiver
Fletcher Rifle Works’ OpenTop 11/22 is a unique receiver design. Most of the top of the receiver is covered by a removable lid that allows one to remove key components such as the bolt, extractor and firing pin without fully disassembling the rifle. The process of cleaning is also improved thanks to the removable lid, as the internals of the receiver can be accessed more easily. A Picatinny rail is present forward of the lid and provides an integral and versatile optics mounting solution. All in all, the OpenTop 11/22 demonstrates the kind of innovative features that can be incorporated into the 10/22 design when using aftermarket components. MSRP: $250.00 //Weight: 16oz // Site: fletcherrw.com
F.J. Fedderson 10/22 Nickel Alloy Receiver
This receiver features a nickel-bronze alloy construction that provides increased resistance to the elements. Particularly, rust and corrosion are staved off by the properties of nickel. An extended Picatinny rail hangs over the barrel, providing ample real estate for a variety of optics. While this nickel-bronze alloy receiver weighs a few ounces more than aluminum models (including those of original Rugers), the increased ruggedness and integral optics rail are worth the slight increase in weight. This receiver is a great option for those who wish to give their 10/22 the all-weather treatment and enhance their optic-mounting potential. MSRP: $300.00 // Weight: 22.6oz // Site: fjfeddersen.com
Volquartsen Superlite Receiver
This model yields two major upgrades that can be achieved through the use of an aftermarket 10/22 receiver. Firstly, the Superlite receiver from Volquartsen is exceptionally light and is CNC-machined from aluminum. The lightweight nature of the receiver makes it a welcome addition on any 10/22 build that may need to be carried. Ditching the more commonly used Picatinny rail, Volquartsen instead utilizes their Universal Red Dot Mount.
Thirteen pistol red dots are advertised as being compatible with the Universal Red Dot Mount system, including options from prominent brands such as Trijicon and Leupold. The matrix of optic mounting holes reduces bulk and weight, as there is no rail protruding from the top of the receiver. The red dots simply screw directly into the receiver via the appropriate holes. This receiver is a lightweight option that provides its user with an innovative way to mount popular red dot sights. MSRP: $365.00 // Weight: 6oz // Site: volquartsen.com
Tactical Solutions X-RING VR Receiver
This offering from Tactical Solutions represents a premium aftermarket receiver package. A bolt is included that utilizes a dual guide-rod system and features a charging handle that can be configured for left or right-handed use. The proprietary dual-guide rod system in the bolt assembly promotes reliable and smooth cycling, and the rear of the receiver also features a cleaning port that allows it to be cleaned without extensive disassembly. This offering from Tactical Solutions is a good choice for those who wish to assemble a premium 10/22, as it combines a lightweight receiver with other upgraded components and features. MSRP: $552.00 // Weight: 20.8oz (Including bolt assembly) // Site: tacticalsol.com
Designed by Winchester in 1925 for its Model 54 bolt-action rifle, .270 Winchester caused quite a stir in shooting circles. At the time of introduction, it offered better long-range performance than any big-game cartridge available on the American market. The cartridge is based on the .30-06 case necked down to .277 inch. The case neck is .050-inch longer but, except for the neck and headstamp, the .270 Winchester is otherwise identical to the .30-06.
General Comments
Along with the .30-06, this is one of the most accurate and effective all-round American big-game cartridges. Its reputation and popularity have increased steadily since its introduction. Although not intended as a varmint cartridge, the .270 will serve very well in that capacity when loaded with bullets of 90 to 110 grains.
The 130-grain bullet at 3,100-fps muzzle velocity is considered adequate by many experienced hunters for any North American big game.
The present 150-grain bullet at 2,860 fps is intended for maximum penetration on heavier animals such as elk, moose or bear. Some disagree, but current evidence reinforces the conclusion that the .270 is adequate for any North American big game, and some African plains game as well.
Assuming the hunter uses the proper bullet for the job at hand, the .270 will deliver reliable performance. In any comparison of the .270 with the .30-06, much depends on intended use and hunting conditions. For some reason, many individuals shoot better with the .270 than the .30-06. The .270 is flatter shooting than the .30-06 and, thus, makes a better varmint/big-game rifle where this is a consideration. The .30-06, with its 180-, 200- and 220-grain bullets, must be conceded as a better heavy-game cartridge.
In accuracy and general performance, there isn’t a great deal to argue about. Anyone trying to make a big case for one against the other is beating a pretty dead horse. The .270 Winchester is commercially loaded by all large domestic and most foreign ammunition manufacturers.
Why is there so much variation among reliable sources of reloading data?
“I only use the [insert company name here] reloading manual. It has the correct reloading data.”
I’ve heard that line only slightly more than the classic, “I got this reliable reloading data from the internet.” Both statements are skewed—the latter much more than the former—for different reasons.
What’s a reloading manual? Is it gospel? And, if so, why is there so much variation between the numerous (supposedly) reliable sources? If a reloading manual isn’t gospel, is one set of data more correct than another? All this confusion can drive a guy crazy, especially when starting out.
Photo: Massaro Media Group.
Ignore The Internet
Regarding reloading data taken from forums, chat rooms and internet posters—I’ve seen enough absurd claims and ridiculous information that I pretty much ignore it all … and it can be downright dangerous. I’m not sure if some folks think they’re funny, or if they feel their guns are capable of withstanding pressures that the rest of ours aren’t, but my simple rule is not to trust internet data.
Looking at the myriad selection of reloading manuals, you’ll notice there can be a considerable difference in charge weights and velocities for a particular cartridge/bullet weight combination. The short answer is this: A reloading manual is a snapshot in time, of a particular test rifle or barrel, interacting with the other variables in the equation, such as primer brand/type and case brand.
The long answer will need some further explanation.
Barrel Variations
Barrel length can, quite obviously, play a role in the velocities attained with any given combination. It’s generally accepted that each additional inch of barrel, in comparison to the test barrel length, will add 25 to 30 fps to the velocity. The reverse is also true; each inch shorter than the test barrel will reduce the velocity by that amount. Take a good look at the test barrel listed in the data and you may find that the company used a universal receiver and a barrel of extraordinary length. That will, logically, equate to a published velocity figure your shorter barrel cannot equal. I’ve seen so many reloaders turn down a load that produced a bug-hole group just because the velocity was 100 fps or so below the advertised book velocity. Odds are, unless you’re developing a load for true long-range shooting, that variation won’t make much difference in the field.
Barrel dimensions can absolutely play a role in the pressures generated by a particular load. I’ve seen barrels that are both “fast” and “slow,” with respects to the velocities and pressures generated in comparison to published data. I’ve also seen circumstances where two reloading manuals, using data developed with bullets of similar profile and bearing surface, reach the upper pressure/velocity limits at radically different charge weights. The two manuals used similar rifles, the same primers and identical barrel lengths, so the logical deduction would point to a variation in barrel dimension.
In testing the data in two of my own rifles, which shared the same barrel length, I found that one of the manuals—which topped off at the lighter charge weight—simply had to have had a “tight” barrel. The velocities obtained in that manual, in comparison to the charge weights posted, didn’t correlate with what I found in either of my rifles, which coincided more closely with the data published in the other manual.
The point here is there are most definitely variations in barrel dimensions and how they react to ammunition. And that is one of the main reasons why it’s so important to start at the bottom of the test data and work your way upward until you find the velocity or accuracy you desire, at a safe pressure level.
Primer Influence
Primer choice is another factor in the differing velocities and pressures. Most reloading manuals will indicate which brand and type of primers were used in the testing, others may not, depending on how in-depth the data is. Make no mistake: Using primers other than the exact brand and type of those used in the test data can and will result in a variation in velocity and/or pressures. If you must switch primers, start at the bottom of the data once again and work up to ensure safety.
While all three of these are large rifle primers, they’ll give different results. Always check the load data to see the type and brand of primer used. Photo: Massaro Media Group.
Bullet Specifics
Finally, the shape, conformation and construction of the bullet you’re loading can have an effect on your results. Nosler’s reloading manual (which is generously offered online at: Load-Data.Nosler.com) will provide load data for each cartridge by bullet weight. For example, their data for the .308 Winchester and 175- to 180-grain bullets covers eight different bullets. One can easily see the difference in bearing surface between the flat-based 180-grain Partition Protected Point and the 180-grain AccuBond Spitzer boat-tail, and how the two bullets might react differently to the same powder charge. Add in the lead-free options—which are longer than their lead-core counterparts of the same weight—and you can see why the data isn’t all universal.
Pistol bullets can suffer from the same issues; in fact, things can get more complicated when you compare jacketed bullets, plated bullets, lead-free bullets and pure lead bullets. The data certainly changes among the differing bullet types, and in some of the pistol cartridges, the difference in powder weight from the bottom to the top is less than one grain of powder.
Bullets come in all sorts of shapes and sizes, and that can change the pressures generated. Two bullets of the same weight and caliber but different shape may have different powder charge weights to attain the same velocity. Photo: Massaro Media Group.
Dote On The Details
Here’s what I feel is the most important part of the whole data game: the meticulous records you keep for your firearm. Just as the reloading manual is a lab report for a particular set of gear, your records are the key to loading for your firearm.
Imagine inheriting your grandfather’s rifle or pistol—which is cool enough in and of itself—replete with his book of load data for that particular gun. Knowing what works, what doesn’t, performance notes, game taken, great days at the range and whatnot, it’ll become a veritable treasure for shooters of future generations.
I collect as many reloading manuals as I can in order to get a feel for the variations in the different tests, to better know what to expect from my rifles and pistols, as well as to keep up on the latest powders and cartridges. I actually enjoy poring over the data in these books, and over the years it has changed the way I look at load data—and it also has driven me to record all of my loading sessions. For my guns, my own reloading manual is as important as anything else in print.
Editor's Note: This article originally appeared in the September 2021 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.
Looking to go armed, but are stuck in the weeds as to what to arm yourself with? Here are 20 excellent concealed carry gun options that will keep you on the defensive.
