FN has just announced the 309 MRD, a 9mm FN pistol that’s more accessible than ever before.
It’s well known that FN makes some great firearms, but let’s be honest, most of them are priced above what many Americans can afford. With the goal of making an excellent 9mm pistol that’s more accessible to shooters on a budget, FN has just announced the 309 MRD.
The FN 309 MRD has everything one looks for in a defensive pistol—it’s lightweight, optics-ready, easy-to-use and comes with high-capacity magazines. For flush-fit mags, the 309 holds 16 rounds, and extended mags hold 20. However, 10-round mags are available as well for ban states. It has a crisp, 5-round single-action trigger, a neutral grip angle for a natural point of aim, a rounded rear U-notch sight and a green fiber-optic front sight. As for mounting optics, it will take any red dot with a Shield RMSc or Leupold DeltaPoint Pro footprint.
Besides being more affordably priced, the FN 309 MRD is more accessible to shooters thanks to its slide that’s easier to rack, its magazines that are easier to load and a disassembly procedure that doesn’t require pulling the trigger.
Chris Johnson, Senior Product Manager for Pistols for FN America, said this about the new handgun:
Many gun buyers don’t see FN as an option, and we wanted to change that perception by making the brand accessible to people looking to spend $500 on a 9mm pistol … With the FN 309 MRD we now have a trustworthy, easy-to-use pistol perfect both for new gun buyers and those looking to purchase their first FN. For us, it’s not just a new product, it’s FN’s commitment to offering the everyday user peace of mind and FN performance.
Over/Under shotguns tend to cost a lot of money. But there are some affordable double-barreled gems available nearly any shooter can work into their budget.
There are over/under shotguns out there that cost more than I paid for our three-bedroom brick ranch house in 1961. These would be the likes of Krieghoff, Kolar, Perazzi and others. Similarly, there are used side-by-sides, especially old English types, that in current-day prices can cost as much as a Southern California fixer-upper. This is not about such double guns.
The game plan here is to tell you about several over/unders and a side-by-side that won’t break your bank, melt your plastic or get you in too much Dutch with your spouse. There aren’t too many hunters, upland specialists and waterfowlers who wouldn’t love to see a nice double gun in their gun safe — as well as be proud to carry one come November. So, let’s start with CZ-USA and their flagship hunting over/under shotgun.
CZ is short for the Czech Republic company that the “C” and the “Z” in the company name are too hard for Americans to pronounce, so this is made simple with CZ — with CZ-USA the American importer of their many products. This company’s most traditional and most long-term products have to be their bolt-action centerfire rifles. But CZ also makes a complete line of rifles, plus Dan Wesson handguns and other firearms-related products. CZ’s many shotgun models are imported from Turkey.
But let’s get back to that CZ flagship over/under — the Redhead Premier. Of special interest, this model is not only available in 12, 20 and 28 — each of these gauge receivers is delivered in their own size frame, which means the 12 gauge is made on one size receiver, the 20 on a smaller receiver and on down the line with the 28.
The CZ Redhead Premier features a bright satin receiver, a bit of engraving, as well as a classic-style Turkish walnut stock. Both the 12- and 20-gauge guns come in either 26- or 28-inch barrels, and five flush-mounted screw-in chokes are included — all at a suggested retail of about a grand!
I missed the SHOT Show when the Turkish-made double guns were first introduced, then imported by a company called Armsco — the doubles made by Huglu in Turkey — the same maker that CZ now uses for their double-gun imports. But I did make the next SHOT Show, and the Armsco booth was the first I visited because I had been told of these over/unders and side-by-sides. I was so impressed that I eventually bought five of these doubles.
There’s fine laser-cut checkering on today’s CZ Redhead, a solid 8mm mid-rib (so no brush can accumulate while bulling thickets), a top rib, extractors and pistol grip that does not have a lot of re-curve. Thus, Prince of Wales style on that grip. There are 3-inch chambers in the 12 and 20 CZ Redhead Premiers, with 2¾-inchers in the 28 bore. The 28 come only with 28-inch barrels (probably CZ’s most popular length in all four gauges).
There’s a single extractor instead of ejectors on all gauges — plus the 12, 20 and 28 come with screw chokes.
The length of pull has been updated at 14.5 inches, the drop at comb 1⅜ inches and the drop at heel is 2¼ inches. Triggers are mechanical, and the thumb safety is manual. Weight in the 12 gauge runs an average of 7.7 pounds, depending a bit on density of the walnut. Don’t expect a lot of walnut figure, but do expect wood strength.
What does a $12,000 over/under have over one like the CZ Redhead Premier that costs about $1,000? The Redhead is a hunting gun, though it can be used plenty on any clay target field. Hunting guns are simply not shot all that much when compared to a competition over/under that might be shot 20,000 times per year for decades! I doubt the Redhead will hold up to that type of long-term punishment.
Plus, on a $14,000 shotgun, there tends to be better fit and finish — a higher grade of walnut — as well as many other factors that increase costs. Still, if you’re looking for a double gun that you want to hunt with, this CZ Redhead Premier and the others that will follow are definitely worth your consideration.
Sharp-Tail Specs Barrel Length: 28″ Overall Length: 45.75″ Weight: 7.3″ Max Shell Length: 3″ Chambering: 12-guage (20, 28, .410) Length of Pull: 14.5″ Receiver Finish: Color Case Hardened Barrel Finish: Black Hard Chrome Stock: Turkish Walnut Rib: Raised MSRP: $999
Pros
Classic Design with Modern Durability
Gauge-Specific Frames
Versatile Choke System
Cons
Lacks Ejectors
Heavier for a Side-by-Side
While over/unders outsell side-by-sides by a large margin in America, there are those who feel that the side-by-side is the ultimate hunting gun. Many of the old English doubles can sell for over $100,000 — and they’re over 100 years old — so they weren’t made with modern stronger steels. This Sharp-Tail model is made with high-strength steel, and it sells for a pittance in comparison. Regardless, the gun comes with classic lines and classic appeal.
Further, the CZ Sharp-Tail is offered in 12, 20, 28 and .410 — each gauge built on its own size frame. Thus, the 28 gauge weighs only a whisper compared to the 12 gauge. But, even the 12 gauge is no heavyweight at 7 pounds, 3 ounces. All Sharp-Tails come with a 28-inch barrel only and extractors that lift both shells out for easy removal.
There’s a classic feel to these guns with splinter fore-end (though CZ calls it a semi-beavertail) and a semi-pistol grip stock of Turkish walnut. Swing one on an upland bird and your mind will maybe take you back into history 100 years. The 20 gauge and 28 gauge weigh 6.3 and 5.9 pounds, respectively. In my view, these are the gauges to select for upland shooting, and the 12 for waterfowl and turkeys. The .410 CZ Sharp-Tail also weighs in at 5.9 pounds. List price is just under $1,000.
Adding to this model’s appeal is the color case-hardened receiver finish. This is a new receiver compared to CZ side-by-sides of some years back — smaller and lighter, and probably stronger as well — and is forged in one piece. Trigger springs are now coil type. The trigger is a single, selectable one. Fine laser-cut checkering adorns the grip and slender fore-end. Five screw-in chokes are a part of the Sharp-Tail package (though fixed Modified and Full in the .410), and don’t forget the plastic protective case.
Three-inch chambers reside in the 12, 20 and .410, and a 2¾-inch in the 28 gauge. Barrels of both the CZ Sharp-Tail and CZ Redhead are black chromed on the outside (great for corrosion resistance), and inside there’s full-length chrome protection. Stock dimensions are 14.5 x 1.5 x 2.25 inches. There’s a raised rib, and the mechanical trigger has a selector for barrel choice. So, if a side-by-side has long been on your “I wanna” list, maybe you better check out a CZ dealer.
International Silver Reserve Specs Barrel Length: 28″ Overall Length: 45″ Weight: 7.5 lbs Max Shell Length: 3″ Chambering: 12-guage (20, 28, .410) Length of Pull: 14″ Receiver Finish: Satin Silver Barrel Finish: Matte Blue Stock: Satin Black Walnut Rib: Vented MSRP: $820
Pros
Versatile Choke System
Durable Lockup Design
Comfortable to Handle
Cons
Lack Of Ejectors
Plain Receiver Design
While this over/under no longer has a touch of engraving and a bright coin-finish receiver, the Mossberg International Silver Reserve is still a blast in the field. Once known as the Silver Reserve II, now the International Silver Reserve is an import from Turkey. Yes, the scrollwork is gone, in it place a matte silver receiver. But at the shoulder it remains equally as pleasant and responsive. In my mind, it brings up dreamy ideas of chasing native chukers somewhere in the Middle East.
However, this Mossberg over/under will be right at home whether you’re chasing ruffed grouse, Hungarian partridge, pheasants, woodcock, quail, doves — even pest pigeons. Gauge choices run the gamut here — though no 16 bores are offered. May I suggest a 20 gauge? All gauges come with five flush-mounted screw-in chokes that are compatible with Benelli and original Beretta Mobilechokes.
Checkering on the pistol grip and slim fore-end of the over/under is the cut type. The website suggests 7 pounds for the 20 gauge with 26-inch barrels. However, my test 20 hefts 6 pounds, 9 ounces on my digital postal scale. Chambers are 3 inches in the 12, 20 and .410, and 2¾ inches for the 28 gauge. Length of pull is only 14 inches, which is a little short for most of today’s new guns but maybe just right for you. The stock is select Turkish walnut. There’s a vent rib with a front bead. All models models come with extractors, a bit of a regressions in the line, given the Sporting Silver Reserve II 12 gauge came with ejectors.
Full retail price starts at $756, but who pays full retail for most anything these days? I’ve already mentioned melted plastic credit cards and empty cookie jars, but neither need take place with this series of Mossberg International Silver Reserve over/unders.
Lockup is similar to the CZ Redhead Premier — with barrels pivoting on trunnions and a full-width locking bolt that slides forward upon closing to engage lugs milled into the bottom of the monobloc. Further, two recoil lugs milled into the base of the monobloc dovetail into milled-out areas in the bottom of the receiver upon closing, resulting in a very strong lockup. A barrel selector on the safety switch allows choice of the top or bottom barrel. Picture yourself in a field of South Dakota CRP, a Minnesota tangle of wrist-thick aspens, approaching an old apple tree in New England, or watching a pointer quarter back and forth on a Southern plantation of pines with the undergrowth burned over the previous spring — in each scenario you are carrying a Mossberg International Silver Reserve over/under.
Mossberg International Silver Reserve Over Under Satin Walnut Field
Model 555 Specs Barrel Length: 28″ Overall Length: 45.28″ Weight: 6.2 lbs Max Shell Length: 3″ Chambering: 12-guage (16, 20, 28, .410) Length of Pull: 14.57″ Receiver Finish: Black Barrel Finish: Black Stock: Turkish Walnut Rib: Vented MSRP: $769
Pros
Lightweight
Gauge-Specific Receivers
Nimble Swing
Cons
Aluminum Receiver
Extractors, Not Ejectors
Lightweight is the byword when it comes to the Savage/Stevens model 555 over/under because the receiver is not steel but high-strength aluminum alloy — but with a strength-enhancing steel insert at the breech face. Even the 12 gauge hefts only 6 pounds, the 20, 28 and .410 — 5.5 pounds — and each gauge is made to its own specific receiver size. These are the types of guns grouse and woodcock hunters seem to like because they want to carry their upland ordnance in a ready, somewhat port arms position full time … or at least for hours on end. Most of us can’t do that with a 7.5-pound shotgun. The heft of the smaller gauge 5.5-pound Stevens 555 makes such ready-carrying easy.
The 12 gauge comes with a 28-inch barrel — the other three with a 26-incher. Barrels are rigged for flush-mounted screw chokes, with five of them included. The stock is Turkish walnut in a matte finish and the trigger is mechanical. There are extractors instead of ejectors, and there’s a manual safety — meaning the safety does not engage automatically when you open the gun. Lockup is similar to the previously described over/unders; barrels pivoting on trunnions — plus that full bolt based in the bottom of the receiver, and the strength-enhancing recoil lug.
There’s a vent rib with white bead at the muzzle; there are vented side panels, and the barrel wears a matte finish. The receiver and the fore-end iron are deeply blued — almost black. There’s cut checkering on the pistol grip and the fore-end — the latter Schnabel in style.
Mearns quail habitat in southern Arizona is some steep and thick cover. In my experience, they erupt with almost blinding speed — just the situation where a very lightweight shotgun can pay dividends. Why? Because in shooting scenarios like this, the bird’s jump has them already ahead of the barrels. So, the shooter must catch up — thus, the swing-through shooting technique is almost universally required here. The low weight of the Stevens 555 makes catching up easier.
Experienced swing-through shotgunners have a mantra as they are swinging to catch up: “Bum, Belly, Beak,” and “beak” is when they hit the trigger.
Browning Citori Specs Barrel Length: 28″ (26″) Overall Length: 45″ Weight: 7.6 lbs Max Shell Length: 3″ Chambering: 12-gauge (20, 28, .410) Length of Pull: 14.25″ Receiver Finish: Polished Blue Barrel Finish: Polished Blue Stock: Black Walnut Rib: 1/4″ vented MSRP: $2,180
Pros
Durable
Variety Of Models
High-Quality Craftsmanship
Excellent Lockup
Cons
Expensive
Heavy
No Recoil Pad
Yes, we are moving up in price range with Browning’s Citori, but this over/under is a worthy consideration as the cost is relatively low compared to the quality, and so many of them have been sold that Citoris are readily available on the used market at less than retail prices. Further, these guns have performed on all the clay target stages — many of them for hundreds of thousands of rounds. So, you can rely on a Citori to hold up long term whether it’s new or used.
I’ve visited a number of firearms factories over the years, and most are basically sophisticated machine shops that turn out high-quality firearms. Visiting the Browning factory in Japan, I saw things differently. Sure, there was plenty of “machining” going on there, but what impressed me in that factory was the inordinate amount of handwork that goes into making a Citori.
The Citori is, in many ways, a knockoff of the Browning Superposed. It was made in Belgium for decades. In the early 1970s Browning brass saw the financial handwriting on the wall. Belgian labor costs were mushrooming, and who knows how much the machinery there was aging and in need of replacement. Thus, the move was made to Japan, and the model name went from Superposed to Citori.
For decades now the Browning Citori has become available in a near unimaginable series of models — mainly specialized renditions for trap, sporting clays and skeet. These are more expensive than the basic Citori, but the ensuing paragraphs are devoted only to the Citori.
Today’s basic model is the Citori Lightning — in style similar to the Superposed Lightning — with Lightning-style rounded fore-end and semi-pistol grip. The Lightning model Citori is offered in 12 gauge — and on a smaller, lighter receiver in 20, 28 and .410 — all three smaller gauges based on the 20-gauge receiver and thus of similar weight.
Further, there are Citori models with a steel receiver and those with an aluminum alloy, the latter offering almost a pound in weight reduction — this one dubbed the Citori Superlight. There’s even a White Lightning model with a bright silver nitride receiver. The basic Lightning receiver is richly blued. The current full retail starts at around $2,200. You also get good quality engraving on the receiver and fore-end, engraving that closely resembles the engraving on the old Superposed.
The semi-pistol grip (again think Prince of Wales style) seems to offer quicker, surer gun mounting. Tight re-curve pistol grips are more suited to an already-mounted gun — as in clay target busting. The stock is gloss finished, and the checkering is cut very fine at 24 lines-to-the-inch. There is no recoil pad, which is important to a hunting gun, as less weight is involved with the Citori’s black plastic buttplate. Better balance is maintained, with the average balance point right at the hinge.
That “hinge” is also different in the Browning Citori compared to most all current-day over/unders. Barrels don’t pivot on trunnions but instead pivot on a full-width hinge pin. There’s also the full-width locking bolt and a recoil lug milled into the base of the monobloc that dovetails into a matching milled-out area in the bottom of the receiver — that recoil lug going all the way through the base of the receiver. Check out this square notch in the accompanying photo. This lockup design is extremely strong.
The 12 gauge tends to weigh a tad over 8 pounds with 28-inch barrels. Three screw chokes are included. Barrels are overbored to .74 inch. Chambers are 3 inches in the 12, 20 and .410, and 2¾ inches for the 28. The 12-bore Citori is also offered with 26-inch barrels, but the 20-gauge barrel possibilities are most interesting — 26, 28, 30 and 32 inches! With a 28-inch barrel, the 20 gauge goes 6 pounds, 9 ounces. Both the .410-bore and 28-gauge guns come with either 26- or 28-inch barrels. How about the 12-gauge in Mississippi at one of Nash Buckingham’s favorite waterfowl haunts? If the birds aren’t flying, you can always look down and admire the fit and finish of your Citori.
Want lighter weight? Then go with the Browning Citori Superlight models. These come with the alloy receiver, but the grip is straight and the fore-end features a bit of the Schnabel flare. More money is demanded here, but still a full retail of under $2,400. Other specs include: 26-inch barrels and 6 pounds, 12 ounces for the 12 gauge; and 5 pounds, 11 ounces for the 20 gauge. There are no 28s or .410s in the Superlight renditions. Receivers are bright silver nitride like the White Lightning — so expect even better corrosion resistance than a blued receiver.
Bergara just joined the suppressor game with the announcement of its titanium .30-caliber BTi30.
Bergara, like just about every firearms manufacturer right now, has just joined the suppressor game. Naturally, however, the company has tailored its cans for precision to be a perfect match for its rifles.
Bergara said this about the BTi30:
The precision-optimized design is engineered to minimize point-of-impact shift and tighten groupings up to 25% versus traditional suppressors or bare muzzles, providing repeatable and consistent results for precision hunters and shooters.
The BTi30 is a vented suppressor, meaning less peak pressure in the blast chamber and less blowback to the face of the bolt and the face of the shooter. The end caps are swappable as well, so you can further optimize the can for your rifle or task. Using just a 5/8-inch socket, you can install either a sealed end cap for maximum noise reduction or a vented end cap for less blowback and faster recovery. Another nice extra feature is its external fluting to help it cool off faster.
As for mounting the BTi30 on a rifle, it’s HUB-compatible and ships with a 5/8×24 direct-thread mount that self-indexes against the crown of the muzzle to ensure proper alignment. As for the tale of the tape, Bergara’s suppressor is 6.5 inches long, 1.75 inches in diameter and weighs just 12.9 ounces thanks to its Grade 5 titanium construction. It’s rated up to 300 RUM with a 16-inch barrel as well.
MSRP for the Bergara BTi30 is $1,100 and it’s available with a black, grey or FDE Cerakote finish.
Want a little scope with big capabilities? EOTECH has just expanded its super short riflescope line with the 4-12×36 Vudu.
Who says small guns can’t have awesome magnified optics? EOTECH brought a lot to the table last year with its Vudu 3-9×32 SFP, and now the company is expanding its line of super short scopes with the 4-12×36 Vudu.
The new 4-12×36 Vudu has a lot in common with its predecessor, but now features an FFP (first focal plane) reticle, greater magnification and a slightly larger objective lens. While it is a bit bigger, it’s still an incredibly compact optic with a total length of just 7.1 inches. Of course, it’s built tough, too, while the aluminum construction helps keep it lightweight at just 16.9 ounces.
Other features of the 4-12×36 Vudu are its illuminated reticle (10 settings), its wide power band on the eyepiece for rapid magnification adjustment and its adjustable diopter for precise focus control. The capped turrets offer .1-MRAD adjustments, and its mounting solution allows for directly attaching the scope to Picatinny rail using either the included EOTECH mount or an aftermarket mini-ACOG mount. Compatible micro red dots can also be attached to the Vudu itself, either at 12 o’clock or at a 45-degree offset.
EOTECH said this about the Vudu’s FFP reticle:
The first focal plane is preferred by more tactical users because the design allows quick range estimation and trajectory compensation at any magnification. In this design, the reticle and its sub-tensions, maintains its size relative to the target image.
MSRP for the 4-12×36 Vudu is $1,220 and it will begin shipping in Q1 of this year.
Most mag-fed semi-auto 12-gauges are based on the AK, but here we look at the top AR shotguns on the market.
AR shotguns are a loosely defined family of semi-auto shotguns with designs and features inspired by the AR-15. Why? Because jamming in a new box magazine will always be faster than stuffing shells in your tube, and not everyone wants one based on an AK.
Not to mention, having the same manual of arms as America’s favorite carbine is pretty darn convenient.
That said, there are a lot of very different AR shotguns on the market, so which one should you get? I’ll list the top models to consider purchasing, then go over what’s awesome about AR shotguns and some pitfalls to avoid.
Best features, including Hiperfire trigger, adjustable stock and M-LOK rail
Lower can be paired with a DPMS .308 AR upper
Ships with hard case and one 5-round mag
Cons
Most expensive AR shotgun by far
Proprietary magazines
Probably the closest thing to an actual AR is the Genesis Arms Gen-12. It’s built on a DPMS Gen 1 .308 AR-10 lower, and you can drop a compatible upper onto the gun and have a rifle instead. If you like the arms-room concept, this is your shotgun.
Instead of DI, the gun uses a recoil-operated system with a reciprocating barrel like the Browning Auto-5. The barrel (the standard model is 18 inches, but 7- and 10-inch models are also available) has external threads, with the same pitch (M22x0.75in) as the Saiga 12, so Saiga external chokes are compatible.
The lower uses a .308 carbine-length buffer assembly, and the upper, which is side charging, comes with a railed M-LOK forend. I don’t dig the proprietary magazines. On the upside, Genesis Arms has both 5- and 10-round units as well as a +2 extension.
I’ve found these smoothbores to be rugged and reliable with everything besides light birdshot.
Features a flat trigger, rubber grip and M-LOK on bottom of handguard
Uses common MKA 1919-pattern mags
Ships with three 5-round mags, flip-up sights and a sling
Cons
Fixed stock (collapsible can be purchased separately)
Better QC than the cheaper Turkish imports, but some owners still report reliability/durability problems
Typhoon Defense imports guns from Turkey, but does QA/QC stateside. Manufacturer support includes spare parts, magazines and a lifetime warranty.
The F12 is their gamer shotgun, with a monolithic upper/lower receiver, fixed LOP stock (adjustable stocks can be purchased from Typhoon) and an 1100-style gas system. The standard barrel is 18.5 inches, with a 3-inch chamber and a threaded muzzle for Benelli chokes. The receiver is a flat-top, joined by a split-top handguard with M-LOK slots along the bottom and a skeletonized and flared magwell for faster reloads.
The upper is side-charging, with ambidextrous controls and a flat blade trigger. Flip-up iron sights are included as well as a bungee sling and three 5-round magazines (2-, 10- and 20-round magazines are also available from Typhoon).
If you’re aiming at 3-Gun Open, this is an option I’ve found a lot of people start at.
Ships with flip-up sights, two 5-round mags and a cleaning kit
Cons
Monolithic stock/grip assembly means you can’t swap those parts
Limited rail space for accessories
The Panzer Arms AR-12 features a monolithic polymer lower and a railed flat-top upper. It also uses incredibly common MKA 1919-pattern magazines.
What I don’t like is handguard has what appears to be M-LOK slots, but they are just lightening cuts. However, there are Picatinny rail sections in case you want to mount accessories. I’ve found the Panzer does not run as well on light target loads, so bear that in mind.
The standard barrel length is 20 inches (18.5-inch models are available as well) with a 3-inch chamber. Each AR-12 ships with flip-up plastic sights and two 5-round magazines.
Includes flip-up sights and M-LOK and Picatinny rails on handguard
Cons
Substantial break-in before the gun will run light loads
The VR80 is made in Turkey but imported by Rock Island Armory for sale in the U.S. While a cost-effective import AR shotgun, I find it’s a slightly smarter buy among the many guns in this class.
The VR80 has a 20-inch barrel with a 3-inch chamber and is compatible with Beretta chokes. There are no actual AR parts save the buffer tube, but it has AR-style controls. The upper is side-charging and the charging handle can be swapped to either side. The receiver and handguard are fully railed as well and come with flip-up iron sights.
The handguard has M-LOK and QD slots for mounting accessories and the thumbhole-style pistol grip and stock can be swapped for any AR-15 stock. It ships with a 5-round magazine, but RIA also makes 9- and 19-round stick mags for them that are available separately (as well as any other MKA 1919-pattern mags of course).
After a break-in period, the VR80 is pretty rock solid. Not to mention, I find the ample spare parts that are available pretty reassuring.
Monolithic stock/grip assembly means you can’t swap those parts
Limited rail space for accessories
If all you want an AR shotgun for is blasting pumpkins, there’s no need to go broke doing it. That makes the TAR 12P an excellent option.
As for features, it has a threaded muzzle for Beretta/Mobile chokes (3 are included), a flat-top receiver and some Picatinny rail on the handguard for accessories. It also ships with flip-up iron sights.
Besides the attractive price point, another draw of the TAR 12 is it’s available with several different finishes. The most basic and affordable black/grey model is shown here, but you can order them in various other colors, camo patterns and paint schemes.
Shotguns, even those of the tactical variety, have traditionally utilized tube magazines. While tube mags have certain advantages in their own right, namely allowing for a very sleek overall package, they also have obvious drawbacks. When it comes to fast reloads, the potential for increasing a shotgun’s total capacity and quickly switching one’s ammunition type, box mags are the clear winner. Result? The development of box magazine-fed shotguns.
A Kalashnikov USA KS-12, an American-made clone of the Russian Saiga-12 AK shotgun.
The most successful of course are those that are based on the Kalashnikov. The Saiga-12 is the original, the VEPR-12 is a beefed-up version of the same, and today Chinese and American clones of these AK shotguns are widely available as an alternative given the importation ban on Russian firearms. AK shotguns have seen enormous success not just on the international commercial market, but on the international military and police market as well.
AR shotguns are an attempt to do the same thing with the AR-15. At least, kind of. While AK shotguns use a traditional Kalashnikov operating system, AR shotguns rarely function the same way as true AR-style rifles. Instead, AR shotguns typically only imitate the aesthetics and control layout of AR-15s to make them more familiar to the American shooter.
The first shotgun that could really be considered an AR shotgun is the Daewoo USAS-12. While it doesn’t look quite as “AR” as some of the newer commercial models, it is a semi-auto 12-gauge that’s fed by box (and drum) magazines. Its lower receiver, controls and grip are also directly based on the AR-15, and it even has carry handle iron sights. While the USAS-12 was successful in the military/police market, its commercial sales were very limited.
You could ostensibly hunt using an AR shotgun with a 2- or 3-round magazine…but traditional semi-auto hunting shotguns are lighter and handier in the field, and they work so well that there’s no advantage to using anything else.
As for home defense or any other more tactical purpose, again, an AR shotgun could work fine, but there are reasons why armed professionals are still choosing more traditional tactical shotguns like Benellis to do their jobs.
Benefits And Drawbacks
AR shotguns bring two main advantages to the table.
First, thanks to the detachable magazine, it’s faster to reload and allows for easy switching between ammunition types. Both details are advantageous to 3-Gun shooters and are why AR shotguns are popular in Open classes.
Capacity is less of an advantage than you’d think. While 19- to 21-round magazines and drums exist, 5- and 10-round sticks are more common given the bulk of 12-gauge shells. Most tube mag shotguns have somewhere between a 5+1 and 8+1 capacity, so it’s not that big of a difference.
Second, the ergonomics and manual of arms of an AR-15 have always been among the best of all fighting rifles. If you already have some training or familiarity, less time will be required to learn to run an AR shotgun efficiently.
And now, time for the “but.”
The magazines have long been the Achilles’ heel of mag-fed shotguns. Rimmed cartridges/shells and box magazines don’t always get along.
The Saiga and VEPR shotgun mags are generally regarded as the best, but even those sometimes require tuning to get and stay reliable. You may have to do likewise with certain AR shotgun mags.
Second, AR shotguns come in two flavors. Expensive but generally reliable with care, and Turkish imports. The latter are more common.
This isn’t to say that good firearms cannot be manufactured in Turkey, Stoeger and Canik come to mind, but it is to say cheap imported guns are usually that way for a reason. In the case of Turkish-made AR shotguns, that means general QC and reliability can both be hit-or-miss. Some owners report great reliability with a given model while others’ turn out to be lemons.
AR shotguns aren’t 50-state legal either, whereas some of the more traditional semi-auto shotguns can be.
Many don’t have an adjustable length of pull and accessories can be anywhere from common to vaporware. Magazines and spare parts can also be difficult to source depending on the model.
What To Look For In An AR Shotgun
Firstly, if there are any accessories you plan on attaching to your AR shotgun, you should first ensure that there are compatible options available.
Also, if you’re serious about using the gun for something other than just blasting stuff in the back 40, look for a gun that has factory support and good parts availability.
The most common magazine pattern is MKA 1919 magazines, so it helps if your gun accepts them.
Finally, semi-auto shotguns of all kinds have been plagued with issues cycling light target loads since time immemorial, so a model with an adjustable gas system is a big plus.
AR Shotgun FAQ
What Are AR Shotguns Good For?
AR shotguns are mostly useful for 3-gun competition shooting and pure range fun. The advantage in 3-gun is the increased reloading speed over traditional tube-fed shotguns. While 12-gauge box magazines are pretty big and bulky, they’re also undeniably faster to jam into an empty gun. That said, there’s no reason that a good quality, reliable AR shotgun couldn’t be used for home defense or more tactical purposes as well.
How Does an AR Shotgun Work?
Unlike AK shotguns that are all based on the AK rifle’s long-stroke gas piston system, AR shotguns vary more between models in how they function. Some are recoil operated, while others are gas piston operated like their AK-derived counterparts. Ironically, this means that many AR shotgun models are more similar to AKs internally than they are to ARs, but the benefits of an AR shotgun mostly related to their external differences like controls, modularity and aesthetics.
What Are The Benefits Of An AR Shotgun?
The primary advantage of an AR shotgun is the increased reloading speed, but that applies to any box magazine-fed shotgun. The benefits of AR shotguns specifically over similar concepts like AK shotguns are their familiar, AR-based control layout, their commonality with some standard AR parts and accessories (model dependent) and their aesthetics for those who prefer the way they look.
What Are The Limitations Of AR Shotguns?
The limitations of AR shotguns are mostly the same as any other box magazine-fed semi-auto shotgun. Namely, the magazines are big and bulky. The magazines will also hold substantially less ammo than rifle mags potentially can, but that’s true for any shotgun. Finally, reliability can be hit or miss depending on the model, as there are many cheap, low-quality options on the market that should basically only be used as range toys.
A .357 Magnum revolver for concealed carry … really? Might as well hook up a mule team to your buggy for the daily commute. In certain quarters of the gun world that’s what an on-person gun chambered for granddaddy magnum amounts to—an anachronism of the highest degree. Yet, in a world awash with polymer, striker-fired pistols the tried-and-true .357 revolver soldiers on. What gives?
The .357 Magnum revolver soldiers on, but not every make and model is ideal for concealed carry.
Truth be known, the revolver-cartridge combination is a proven, reliable, popular and powerful system—still considered by many among the most trustworthy for self-defense. For the better part of the 20th Century, perhaps only the .38 Special overshadow it’s use by law enforcement. And in this role, few other sidearms built a better reputation for neutralizing deadly threats.
Truth be told, with ammo and gunsmithing advancement, the .357 Magnum has only gotten better with time. This includes the delicate role of concealed carry gun. Today, there is a slew of .357 Magnum revolvers worth considering if the wheelie and cartridge fit your particular lifestyle. We’ve chosen five we believe excel in this role. But so we don’t put the cart before the horse (or mule), let’s hash out if the gun and cartridge fit your particular circumstances.
Should You Go A .357 Magnum Revolver?
We have a much longer write-up on the pros and cons of .357 Magnum as a personal-defense option, well worth checking out if you’re seriously considering this route. But for our discussion here we can boil down the gun and cartridge’s pluses and minuses to the quick.
Pros
Proven Self-Defense Cartridge—The cartridge is still considered a superior option for neutralizing a threat and has the resume to back it up. Additionally, the cartridge boasts among the widest selection of ammo that passes the FBI’s barrier and penetration tests.
Simple Manual of Arms In Its Guns—To troubleshoot a double-action revolver you simply pull the trigger again. Doesn’t get much easier. True enough, revolvers aren’t immune to malfunctions and when they jam they jam like no other. However, the occurrence is rare enough to be negligible.
Manageable For Most—Unlike almost any other handgun magnum, everyday shooters can master the .357. There is a “but” to this that we’ll go into greater detail on in a moment.
The .357 Magnum still holds its own as a defensive cartridge. An added bonus in picking up a revolver chambered for it, you can shoot forgiving .38 Speical.
Cons
Difficult Double-Action Trigger—It’s long and heavy and requires much more practice than a snappy single-action or striker-fired pistol to achieve consistent accuracy. If there’s any one facet that makes the revolver—.357 Magnum or otherwise—a marginal option for beginners it’s this.
Shorter Barrels Notably Reduce Velocity—Snubbed-nose .357 Magnum revolvers produced excessive muzzle flash for a reason, they burn a lot of powder outside the bore. In turn, this style of revolver won’t top-end most loads’ velocity by any stretch. By no means is the popular myth true a short barrel degrades the magnum to +P .38 Special performance. But realize, out of a snubbie ammo won’t live up to the box-side ballistics.
Limited Capacity—Expect 5 or 6 rounds at best. That’s cutting things close. Additionally, reloads are no walk in the park, involving many more steps than a semi-auto pistol, taxing fine motor skills under stress. Go a .357 Magnum revolver, you’d better practice your emergency reloads!
There’s an elephant still in the room, the “but” we mentioned above, and it’s particular to many concealed carry .357 Magnum revolvers. Some are out-and-out bears to shoot. There’s a reason why the guns have the dubious moniker “knuckle busters”.
This is not a good situation. Excessive recoil does not breed excellent marksmanship, thus the reason why professional dalliances with the 10mm and .41 Magnum have been short-lived. Folks don’t like to train when their hands are getting the Torquemada treatment, and it has the potential to lead to problematic issues such as flinch.
Very light and small .357 Magnum revolvers tend to this sort of experience. Though, there is a way to mitigate some of this, which segues nicely into our selection criteria.
In making our selections of best concealed-carry .357 Magnum revolvers, we stuck to our usual criteria for separating the wheat from the chaff:
Reliability: The guns are well made with a reliable track record. Concealability: We’re looking at concealed carry revolvers, in turn, we’re sticking with smaller .357 Magnums. Accessibility: All the models are currently in production, thus found at most gun retailers.
However, we also added another evaluation point—shootablity. Given this, many of our choices tend toward the heavier end of the spectrum. It makes a difference.
Take a hypothetical a 140-grain .357 Magnum load that leaves a snubbie’s muzzle at 1,000 fps. Shoot it from a 22-ounce Smith & Wesson Pro Series Model 640 and it generates roughly 10 ft-lbs. of recoil energy. Put that same load in an 11-ounce Smith & Wesson Model 340PD and the recoil energy nearly doubles to 19 ft-lbs. For context, that’s the neighborhood of many .270 Winchester loads out of a 7-pound rifle.
Considering this, a bit of extra weight on the hip is a worthwhile tradeoff for what will likely lead to more consistent accuracy.
Best .357 Revolvers For Concealed Carry
Smith & Wesson Model 640
Smith & Wesson Model 640 Pro Series
A staple in Smith & Wesson’s J-Frame catalog, the snubbie .357 Magnum revolver is a gem of its class. Constructed of all stainless steel, the rugged double-action only (DAO) likely has the chops to be handed down to a son or daughter one day. And, like most Js, is a fairly easy affair to conceal. How about to shoot? It’s about as pleasurable as this sized magnum gets. It certainly doesn’t get the nod for weekend plinker, but at a hefty 22 ounces the 640 sets shooters up for success.
Smith & Wesson offers the plain Jane version of the concealed-hammer 640 and a Performance Center Pro Series option. With about $100 difference between the two models, the PC upgrade is worth the money delivering not only a more attractive gun but some notable enhancements. The three that pop out on the 5-round revolver are rear and front tritium drift-adjustable sights, a cylinder cut to accept moon clips and a PC-tuned trigger. Yeah, it’s still as heavy as a kettlebell, but boy is it smooth. MSRP: Model 640 $809; Pro Series $939 smith-wesson.com
Ruger SP101
Ruger SP101
There’s a lot of gun here, and we’re not talking metaphorically. Even in its 2.25-inch snub-nose rendition, the SP101 is constructed from a load of stainless and it looks it—almost reminiscent of Smith & Wesson’s K-frame Model 66. As we discussed previously, as a primary arm this is an advantage giving shooters a more manageable system. Although, it might be a better option for an outside the waistband (OWB) holster. For the right individual it could qualify for inside the waistband (IWB). Pocket carry is pushing it.
The 5-round .357 Magnum revolver shoots well, and for its bulk cuts a fine figure, especially with its full lug. Its factory grips are a bit small, but easily upgradable with plenty of aftermarket options. The DAO model is the most logical concealed carry candidate, the spurless hammer enhancing an already streamlined design (an advantage of casting).
Yet, be forewarned—the SP101 has a notoriously heavy and somewhat gritty trigger pull. Plus, it’s only available with an integral rear sight in DAO—not the most precise of systems. Then again, you aren’t getting a concealed carry magnum for precision range work. MSRP: Starts at $919, ruger.com
Ruger LCR
If weight is the utmost concern, the .357 Magnum LCR is most likely the best option. At 17 ounces, it walks a fine line and, for the most part, is at the basement in what we’d consider a manageable concealed carry magnum. Buyer beware, this is a much buckier .357 Magnum revolver, but not at the magnitude of ultralight guns. Size-wise, with a 1.87-inch barrel, the LCR not only qualifies as a primary carry arm, but would fill the role as a hard-hitting backup.
Outside of its dimensions, the .357 revolver has several other nice attributes, from very comfortable Hogue Tamer grips to replaceable pinned front sight—in case you want to upgrade to a low-light option. Above anything, it has an excellent trigger. Yes, it’s a heavy pull (what did you expect in double-action?), but it’s like silk compared to most factory switches. The LCR is also intuitively laid out, with a button cylinder release on the left side that picks up the pace of the DAO’s reloads. MSRP: $859, ruger.com
Kimber K6S
Kimber put thought into what makes a solid concealed carry revolver and it shows in its K6S line. Easy to keep under wraps, but not at the expense of controllability, the nifty snub-nose heaters present armed citizens with the whole package. To boot, they’re lookers—too bad the guns are meant to avoid the light of day most of their lives.
Kimber bills its 2-inch barreled K6S as the lightest 6-round .357 Magnum revolver on the market, but don’t let that spook you. The gun is still substantial at 23-ounces and eats a majority of recoil. Also, don’t let the extra round in a concealed-carry model fool you either—it’s still very easy to fit inside the waistband or pocket. In part, this is thanks to milled flats on the stainless-steel gun’s cylinder that keeps it nearly as svelte as 5-round options.
The K6S design is sleek, reducing the chances of hanging up on the draw, hastened further by a concealed hammer. The gun also sports a top-notch trigger, with a light-for-DAO 9-pound break. With practice it runs fast. One more thing, actual front and rear sights earn the K6S extra points. As far as model, the Stainless is the most affordable, but the DCR adds a touch of class with rosewood grips. Other variants are available as well. MSRP: Starts at $985 kimberamerica.com
Colt King Cobra Carry
The reboot of the Colt Python has somewhat overshadowed the King Cobra in the public’s eye. Nevertheless, it does little to diminish the snub-nose .357 Magnum revolver’s performance in its main role—on person self-defense piece. Plus, it’s a Colt “Snake Gun”, with is inherently cool.
All stainless steel and nearly a full-sized grip, the King is a fairly polite piece, one that with some practice runs fast and accurate. Part of this is thanks to the 6-round revolver’s weight, which is an ample 26-ounces unloaded. But the trigger also deserves kudos. Again, compared to a pistol it’s substantial—10-pounds—but responsive.
A full lug adds a level of protection to the ejection rod, ensuring it doesn’t get skewed in everyday rough and tumble. And Hogue Overmolded grips with finger grooves adds another level of control to the handgun. Most will appreciate the bobbed hammer on the DAO variation, however, if you can’t live without a hammer spur there is a Carry iteration with one. At the risk of drawing the ire of Colt fans, the cylinder lock isn’t intuitive for those who haven’t run the revolver previously—pulling backward. But this facet isn’t generally a hindrance once familiar with the system. MSRP: $999, colt.com
A quick look at EchoCore Suppressors, a new can company that’s already making big waves in the silencer industry.
With the silencer tax stamp fee’s recent reduction from $200 to $0, a ton of companies, both new and old, are joining the suppressor game. Why not? The demand is certainly increasing, so the supply has to as well. One of the newest companies is EchoCore Suppressors, but unlike a lot of other new cans on the market, EchoCore’s have already proved to be more than just background noise.
Officially debuted and tested at the 2025 Silencer Summit, known in the industry as the gold standard test for suppressor performance, EchoCore took both first and second place in the 5.56 category with its Sector 5.56 Full Size and Sector 5.56 Compact. That’s a very impressive feat, especially for a brand-new company facing off against much more experienced manufacturers. How’d they pull it off? The company chalks it up to precision engineering, advanced additive manufacturing techniques and its XCR (Cross Chamber Regulation) technology that keeps backpressure low without compromising sound and flash reduction. All of EchoCore’s cans are 3D-printed, feature a completely weldless design and are HUB Compatible, though materials vary between models. Most ship with a low-flash vented endcap as well.
Chris Mudgett, Founder of EchoCore Suppressors, had this to say about his company’s recent victory at Silencer Summit:
Earning first and second place in our debut year validates everything we’ve worked toward … EchoCore was built on the belief that true innovation is alive and well in this industry. Our team’s expertise, discipline, and relentless pursuit of performance are what make these results possible — and this is just the beginning.
Exclusively available through Silencer Shop, EchoCore already has more to offer than the 5.56 Sector line, as the company’s catalog features the Traverse 30, LaTitude 30 and Radius 360 Multi-Cal as well.
This is one silencer company that’s definitely worth keeping an eye on, so much so that I’ve already lined up a hands-on review of the Sector 5.56 Full Size. I’ll be excited to hit the range with it as soon as the transfer goes through to see (or hear) what it can do for an AR in person.
Griffin & Howe is rekindling and reinventing a storied flame.
Pulling up to the spacious Hudson Farm facility in northern New Jersey to celebrate the Griffin & Howe Centennial, I was immediately impressed with the sheer scope of the operation. In addition to the huge showroom, there were meeting halls, what amounts to a small hotel, a full farming operation and—most intriguing—the Griffin & Howe Gunsmithing Shop.
While most rifle historians will be immediately familiar with the Griffin & Howe name—as their famous sidemount and customized rifles have received accolades for decades—many of the younger generation are likely unfamiliar. But what impressed me most while we hobnobbed under the huge tent erected for the 100th anniversary celebration was how a couple of relative youngsters have brought the brand seamlessly into the 21st century.
And, catching my eye immediately, was a unique rifle—the Highlander—blending a walnut stock with classic lines and a carbon-fiber barrel, but with steel sections to accommodate traditional iron sights.
That rifle at the Centennial celebration was—appropriately—chambered for .35 Whelen, but little did I know that just a couple years later we’d be putting a similar model in .375 H&H Magnum to the test in Zimbabwe.
High Class, High Expectations
The Highlander Safari is the larger-bore variant of the G&H Highlander, being offered in both .375 H&H Magnum and .375 Ruger. Like most rifles available from Griffin & Howe, plenty of options are available to the customer, as their gunsmithing shop is capable of just about anything your checkbook and imagination could handle.
The Griffin & Howe Highlander Safari melds traditional lines with modern construction materials and techniques. Photo: Massaro Media Group.
At the rifle’s heart is the Defiance Rebel CRF action, attached to a Proof Research Sendero carbon-fiber-wrapped barrel and housed in either a premium walnut or synthetic stock. Dan Rossiter, stockmaker of excellence and manager of the Griffin & Howe Gunsmithing Shop, would bring along a beautiful, figured walnut stock variant on our safari to the Sango concession of the Savé Valley Conservancy, for both backup on the dangerous game species and to handle any plains game species.
Griffin & Howe have cleverly mated a Proof Research carbon-fiber-wrapped barrel with metal inserts to facilitate the front and rear iron sights. Photo: Massaro Media Group.
Topped with a Swarovski Z8i 1-8×24 in G&H quick detachable top-mount rings, this rifle exhibited true versatility, performing wonderfully in a number of situations.
With the scope removed through the use of the G&H quick-detach top mounts, the Highlander Safari becomes svelte and a dream to carry in the field. Photo: Massaro Media Group.
I readily admit having a strong preference for a controlled-round-feed (CRF) action in a repeater for use on dangerous game, and though the Mauser 98 and its innumerable clones are probably what come to mind when discussing CRF actions, there are other options. The Defiance Rebel is one, and I quickly came to like this action.
Using a “modern claw style” extractor to handle the cartridge without question, the Rebel allows the user to insert a cartridge into the chamber and close the bolt over it without running the risk of breaking the extractor. It acts like a push-feed when loading directly into the chamber, and as a CRF when loading from the magazine. This will turn a “three-down” rifle into a four-shot gun, and when the game is large and close at hand, that extra shot will be much appreciated.
Constructed of aircraft-certified 416 stainless-steel, the Rebel will surely handle the pressures generated by the pair of 375s, and the one-piece steel bolt cycles as smoothly as you could ask for. That bolt face handled the feeding and extraction without a single issue; during the course of our safari, we’d load, empty and reload the rifles several times a day, not to mention running the bolt during the course of taking an animal. I had complete confidence in that Rebel action.
The bolt face—and beefy extractor—of the Defiance Rebel action. Operating as both push-feed and controlled-round feed, the Rebel is a smart, modern design. Photo: Massaro Media Group.
A three-position Winchester 70-style safety allows the shooter to safely unload the firearm, and a hinged floorplate allows for quick emptying of the magazine; the Highlander Safari in .375 H&H held three cartridges in the magazine. A spring-loaded bolt release located at the left rear of the receiver allows the bolt to be removed for cleaning. The action also features a TriggerTech trigger timed to the action, and that trigger broke cleanly at about 2½ pounds, with almost no creep or overtravel.
The Proof Research Sendero carbon-fiber barrel certainly has a larger diameter than what any of us are used to seeing on a dangerous game gun, and being a .375-inch bore, it’s bigger than most. With a metal insert on the outside of the barrel for the island rear sight and at the muzzle for the hooded front sight, the Highlander Safari definitely has a unique barrel look.
Employing a 1:12 twist, the 24-inch barrel will take full advantage of the velocity potential of the .375 H&H Magnum, without being unwieldy in the thick bush. Accuracy was excellent, and this rifle showed sub-MOA groups with both soft-points and solids. Rossiter and I tried a few ammo brands, but we decided to listen to the rifle: It liked the Barnes factory ammo best, using 300-grain TSX expanding bullets and the 300-grain Barnes Banded solids.
The stock on the Highlander Safari is a thing of beauty, balancing wonderfully in all carrying positions, and coming to the shoulder almost effortlessly. I met Rossiter years ago, as a member of the American Custom Gunmaker’s Guild, and his stock design—in both walnut and synthetic—makes all sorts of sense for a do-all rifle like this.
A Silver’s recoil pad takes the sting out of the .375 H&H Magnum, while still maintaining a proper look. Photo: Massaro Media Group.
The comb is a subdued Monte Carlo design, being carved for use with a riflescope, but the shooter can still make good use of the iron sights by driving the cheek down onto the comb. A proper Silver’s recoil pad takes the sting out of the .375 H&H—of which there isn’t much with this stock design—and there is proper hand-cut checkering on pistol grip and forend. I liked the balance of the rifle with the Swarovski scope onboard and loved the feel and balance with the scope removed. I could easily wrap my hand around the receiver and carry the iron-sighted gun for miles on the trail.
For the customer, plenty of bespoke options are available from Griffin & Howe, ranging from length of pull (their fitting service is nothing shy of excellent), to engraving and metal finishing choices (Rossiter’s brother, Chris, is the house engraver—and his work is stunning). If the metalwork of your rifle is to be engraved, the receiver and barrel shanks must be left in the white and clear-coated.
Color case hardening is available for the bottom metal, iron sights and bases, scope rings and bases, and pistol grip cap if so desired. The walnut-stocked variant tips the scales right around the 9-pound mark (sans scope or ammo), and you can shave off a half-pound by going with the synthetic stock, and both models offer the option of elite blackout Cerakote finish. The synthetic model comes stock with a Spartan magnetic bipod socket; that’s an option for the wood stocked model.
At the Range and in the Field
Griffin & Howe at Hudson Farm offers a full-service training facility, with classes for shotguns, handguns and rifles, and for the latter you can take your hunting or target rifle out to a considerable distance. Rossiter had the rifle trued out to 500 yards, with a ballistic turret so marked atop the Swarovski scope. The rifle showed sub-MOA accuracy out to that mark, and we felt we had things nailed down pretty well.
In Zimbabwe, with PH Mark Jansen on the Sango concession of the Savé Valley Conservancy, we each had a management bull and cow buffalo available, plus a small assortment of plains game. We had another G&H rifle—the Criterion in .404 Jeffery—on hand for the primary duty on the big stuff, with the Highlander Safari coming in as a backup for the buffalo.
The author used the G&H Highlander Safari (right) to backup Dan Rossiter on his buffalo bull. Photo: Massaro Media Group.
When Rossiter’s bull didn’t exactly read the script and decided he’d take over a half-dozen shots, Jansen asked me to help put the bull down. Rossiter and I fired almost simultaneously, and the bull’s nose was soon in the dirt, with the death bellow following closely. That Highlander Safari performed perfectly, putting a bullet on the point of the shoulder from about 60 yards. We’d later recover that 300-grain Barnes TSX, well expanded and retaining 92 percent of its original weight.
A few days later, Rossiter would find himself 284 yards from the largest slab of eland bull I’ve ever seen in my life, and laying prone across his pack, put a TSX through the huge bull’s lungs. The ballistic turret made his life easy, and walking up to that bull reinforced the fact that a truly big eland bull is bigger than any Cape buffalo that ever walked. Our cameraman, Michael “Heffalump” Heffernan, was offered the opportunity to take a pair of impala rams with the Highlander Safari, making a pair of one-shot kills at 168 and 209 yards, respectively, once again proving the flexibility of the venerable .375 H&H Magnum.
To top it off, I was invited to participate in a management elephant bull hunt at the end of the safari, using the Highlander Safari for backup duties. The rifle had no issue putting a 300-grain Barnes Banded Solid into the bull’s brain at 15 paces. Death was instantaneous, with all of the meat neatly weighed and donated to the villages.
The Highlander Safari handled it all, from the small to the tall, the near to the far, with grace.
The Cost of Bespoke
The rifle we brought to Zimbabwe had a Grade 5 Turkish Walnut stock, handworked by the Griffin & Howe team. Time is money, as the saying goes, and the hours put into a custom piece need to be paid for. Without the walnut being upgraded, the Highlander Safari starts at $28,400. Our rifle had a 14-inch length of pull—to accommodate my longer arms—and that feature can easily be adapted to the customer, though other upgrades are obviously going to raise the price.
Griffin & Howe is working toward offering an “off-the-rack” stocked version, with a length of pull suited to the customer that will reduce costs. There is always the synthetic version—with stocks finished in Gore’s Sub Alpine, Open Country or Cover camo patterns—which sports a price tag of $11,750, again reflecting the amount of handwork that goes into a Griffin & Howe stock and metalwork.
I’ll be the first to admit that the carbon-fiber barrel is a non-traditional look on a bespoke rifle, but I will also testify that, after carrying that rifle through the ins and outs of a week on safari, I truly enjoyed the experience. I’ve been blessed to have used a number of custom/bespoke rifles over the years, and the G&H Highlander Safari sits among some of the best, especially in the stock design department. The action is slick, the trigger is sweet, and the G&H quick-detach mounts allow the optic to be removed and reinstalled without fear of losing zero.
If you’re interested in the custom rifle experience, contact Rossiter at Griffin & Howe, or stop by their booth at one of the outdoor shows and hold the Highlander Safari for yourself—I’ll wager you’ll be impressed. Rossiter has indicated that in addition to the .375 H&H Magnum and .375 Ruger offerings, they are offering the .35 Whelen chambering so long as the barrel blanks hold out.
Background: A Very Brief History of Griffin & Howe
Seymour Griffin—a New York City cabinet maker—was inspired by President Teddy Roosevelt’s book African Game Trails and wanted to use a .30-06 rifle like his hero. He liked the action of the 1903 Springfield, but the military stock left much to be desired, so he restocked it himself using a French walnut blank. In the 1920s, Col. Townsend Whelen heard of Griffin’s talents and introduced him to the foreman of the Frankford Arsenal, James Howe.
Photo: Massaro Media Group.
Howe collaborated with Whelen to develop the .35 Whelen, and that cartridge remains inexorably tied to the Griffin & Howe name. Griffin & Howe opened their doors in June of 1923, but Howe would leave by the year’s end. By the 1930s, the quickly famous G&H detachable scope side-mount was on the market, and G&H was selling not just fine rifles, but all sorts of outdoor gear.
The firm would make their most famous connection when they outfitted Ernest Hemingway with the .30-06 Springfield rifle made famous in Green Hills of Africa, and which inspired the fictional works Snows of Kilimanjaro and The Short Happy Life of Frances Macomber. Griffin & Howe would also provide rifles to the likes of Clark Gable, President Dwight Eisenhower and author Robert Ruark. After Griffin’s retirement in the late 1950s, the company declined until gunsmith Bill Ward acquired the assets, keeping the name alive through the 1970s and ’80s.
By 2015, Steven Polanish would assume CEO duties, and today, he has brought the G&H name onto the 4,000-plus-acre Hudson Farm complex, with G&H issuing new rifle designs in 2017. The complex offers training for handgunners, shotgunners and riflemen alike, as well as an enormous showroom full of premium firearms and gear.
Having celebrated their 100th anniversary, Griffin & Howe is most definitely back, delivering all the classic products as well as new, cutting-edge rifle designs. Brothers Dan and Chris Rossiter are among a crack team in the gunsmithing department, which is turning out some head-turning products.
Editor’s Note: This article originally appeared in the February 2026 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.
Pietta has just announced a new .357 Magnum double-action revolver with a design inspired by the classic Colt Python.
We don’t know much about it yet, but Pietta of Italy is making a clone of the iconic Colt Python .357 Magnum DA/SA revolver. We’re not even sure what it will be officially called yet, as one graphic released by Pietta refers to it as the PDA .357 Magnum and another calls it the Blacktooth. Regardless, the graphic bearing the Blacktooth moniker became the cover photo for Pietta’s Facebook account last month along with the text “Coming 2026.” It’s safe to assume that we’ll be learning more about it at SHOT Show in a couple of weeks.
Much of what we know about Pietta’s Python clone comes from the Italian firearms publication Armi e Tiro’s video on it. The big takeaways are that the revolver is practically identical to the original Colt design and that the initial model offered will feature a 6-inch barrel, a blued finish, adjustable sights and walnut grips. It appears to be already available in Italy, so its production status isn’t in question, but its availability and price in the U.S. are.
In Italy, Pietta’s Python clone is carrying a price tag of 1,200 euros, which is about 1,400 USD at the current exchange rate. The street price for an equivalent model of new production Colt Python is also about $1,400, so it will be interesting to see whether Pietta can price it on the American market low enough to be competitive.
Either way, we’ll be keeping an eye out at SHOT for one. We’ll report back once we know more.
VKTR Industries has just announced the VKP Pro, a new double-stack 1911 9mm pistol.
It seems that every week these days a new company comes out with a 2011-style pistol, but that’s a good thing given the massive demand. The more options that exist, the more features and price points shooters have to choose from, and the latest to be announced is VKTR Industries’ VKP Pro.
Made entirely in the U.S. using American-made parts, the VKP Pro is designed for personal defense, duty use and even competition shooting. It features a 4.4-inch bull barrel, a DLC ArmorLube coating and a hefty weight of 3.5 pounds thanks to the durable 416 stainless steel frame. Chambered for 9mm, it has a capacity of 16 rounds with flush-fit mags and 20 rounds with extended mags, and two of each are included with each pistol. Also included with each purchase is a set of 3 adaptor plates (Aimpoint Acro, Trijicon RMR and Leupold DPP) as the VKP Pro is optics-ready as well. It ships with XS Sights iron sights installed, and other features include a Combat Match Trigger with a ~3.5-pound break, fully machined steel controls and a reinforced polymer grip.
Dave Rybacki, owner of VKTR Industries, said this about his company’s new 2011-style pistol:
We are extremely excited for this new lineup … The VKP Pro is our flagship model, and we are working to expand the line. End users can be sure that this handgun will be manufactured to the highest standards and tolerances.
MSRP for the VKP Pro is $4,000 and they’re shipping to dealers now.
When you’re building out a rig that’s got to perform on the trail and look good doing it, there’s a balancing act between form, function, and longevity. Aggressive tread design, sidewall styling, and real off-road capability usually mean you’re sacrificing something—but that doesn’t need to be durability and long-term value of your tires.
We dug into the warranties behind the most aggressive-looking, off-road-ready all-terrain tires on the market. These aren’t mall-crawler specials. Every tire here is offered in both hard metric and LT metric sizes with 35” overall diameter options and 3PMS-certification for year-round confidence. Whether your setup leans overland, pre-runner, or heavy-duty daily with a weekend trail schedule, these tires are made to look tough and work even tougher.
Here are the A/T tires we stacked up:
Nitto Terra Grappler G3
BFGoodrich All-Terrain T/A KO3
Falken Wildpeak A/T4W
Cooper Discoverer AT3 XLT/LT
Mickey Thompson Baja Boss A/T
Yokohama Geolandar A/T4
Toyo Open Country A/T3
Mileage Warranty Breakdown
Tire Model
P/Hard Metric Warranty
LT/Flotation Warranty
Nitto Terra Grappler G3
70,000 miles
55,000 miles
BFG KO3
N/A
50,000 miles
Falken Wildpeak A/T4W
65,000 miles
60,000 miles
Cooper Discoverer AT3 XLT
60,000 miles
60,000 miles
Mickey Thompson Baja Boss A/T
60,000 miles
50,000 miles
Yokohama Geolandar A/T4
65,000 miles
55,000 miles
Toyo Open Country A/T3
65,000 miles
50,000 miles
Top Performer: Nitto Terra Grappler G3
The Nitto Terra Grappler G3 takes the win here, offering the highest mileage warranty of the bunch—70,000 miles on hard metric sizes and a solid 55,000 miles for LT/flotation. For an A/T that delivers aggressive curb appeal and all-terrain capability, that’s a serious standout.
It’s not just about surviving the daily commute, either. The G3 delivers stable highway manners while still packing the beefy shoulder blocks and deep sidewall lugs you want when the asphalt ends. For enthusiasts who demand both looks and longevity—whether it’s hauling gear, towing toys, or chasing trails—it’s the rare combo that doesn’t ask you to choose.
Deciding Which A/T Tire Works for You
From daily drivers to work trucks and beyond, your tires have a lot rolling on them. When most of your driving time is spent on-road, today’s aggressive all-terrains strike a near-perfect balance of capability, looks and solid performance you can trust no matter where you drive. Choosing your tire purchase carefully can mean you get years more of wear.
For our money, the Nitto Terra Grappler G3 brings the best blend of style, performance, and mileage-backed confidence. If you’re modding your rig for weekend adventures and weekday reliability, this tire keeps you rolling longer—and looking good doing it.
Palmetto State Armory has just released the Jakl-9 SD, a suppressor-ready version of the 9mm Jakl pistol.
The PSA Jakl family of guns started as a 5.56mm long-stroke piston rifle, but it’s expanded quite a bit since then. The family now includes, besides the original Jakl-15 rifles and pistols in 5.56 and .300 BLK, a bullpup conversion variant called the Olcan, a scaled-up version in .308 Winchester called the Jakl-10 and a 9mm PCC version called the Jakl-9. Now, PSA is introducing a suppressor-ready Jakl-9 called the Jakl-9 SD.
Technically speaking, standard 9mm Jakls are suppressor-ready too, due to their threaded muzzles, but not to the same degree as the Jakl-9 SD. While it sports the same 6.5-inch barrel as the original, the SD’s handguard has been extended to a few inches beyond the muzzle. To allow it to safely be fired out of the box, Jakl-9 SDs ship with an extended flash can installed, but those are truly meant to be a placeholder until the owner can replace it with a real suppressor. This design provides a lot more real estate for gripping and accessories compared to a standard suppressed PCC setup, not to mention it looks sleeker and cooler, too. The handguard has an internal diameter of 1.8 inches, so keep that in mind while shopping for a can.
The rest of the SD’s details are the same as standard Jakl-9s. It uses a direct blowback operating system, a 1:10 twist rate barrel with a 1/2×28 threaded muzzle, and it feeds from PSA AK-V 35-round mags or other CZ Scorpion-pattern mags. PSA is also selling the uppers as a standalone option since they’re designed to be compatible with any standard AR-V lower receiver.
The PSA Jakl-9 SD is available either with a black finish and triangle folding brace for $1,050 or with an FDE finish and F5 folding brace for $1,100.
Find the perfect heater to add to your collection with our best pistol reviews, buyer’s guides and videos.
Unless you’re cloistered in some far off monastery, you’ve probably caught wind about how hot the gun market has been. Record-breaking is an understatement, as Americans of all stripes have armed up over the past year and continue to do so. A mixture of global and domestic strife has proven a sobering tonic to the realities of the world. In particular, no one is coming to save you. Your personal safety is in your own hands.
Given this stark truth, it’s of little surprise handguns—semi-automatic pistols especially—have lead the way in gun sales. Which, if you’ve been shopping around for a new heater, has caused problems. Most of the year, they’ve been as scarce as well-watered lawns in Albuquerque. In turn, if you’re girding the proverbial loin to join the firearms commerce fray, you’d better have a solid idea about the gun you’re going to shell out hard-earned money over. At present, there aren’t many second chances.
That said, we’re here to shed some light. We’ve gathered the best semi-auto pistol reviews, buyer’s guides and videos from the past year to help you get a handle on what in the market. Be it a covert concealed carry piece, an overpowering home-defense option or an irresistible range toy, you’ll draw a bead on your next pistol.
Since its introduction, the 10mm Auto has been putting magnum power into semi-auto pistols. In recent years, it’s had a bit of a resurgence in popularity.
Firepower, hitting power and nimbleness–there’s a raft of reasons to consider the AR pistol. We give you eight affordable options if you’re looking to go small.
Check Out Other Review Roundups:
Best Revolver Reviews To Help Pick The Right Wheelgun
Best Rifle Reviews To Help You Take Aim At A Top Iron
Best Gun Gear Reviews To Find That Perfect Piece Of Kit
The author builds the ultimate custom Glock with a Bar-Sto Match Target barrel. Improved accuracy and spent cases that can be reloaded are among some of the benefits.
The shooting world has been waiting for a gun that can stand up to Glock. With a bevy of performance-enhancing features, the Taurus G3 might just be that pistol.
The Cold War saw many interesting firearms designs, but few are as unique as the Polish PM-63, now available in the semi-auto Pioneer Arms PM-63C pistol.
These micro compact 9mm handguns are more than ready for everyday carry and backup-gun duty.
The best concealed carry handguns are small, and most shooters today tend to prefer 9mm. Put together, these two concepts create the hottest new class of CCW guns on the market: the micro compact 9mm. This budding category of firearms has developed a lot in just the past couple of years, with new models being released almost too fast to keep track of. Here are our picks of the best micro 9mm handguns available in 2023, including both pistols and revolvers.
How We Chose The Best Micro Compact 9mm Handguns
The genesis of any of our lists is testing. Every gun chosen for the best micro-compact 9mm has been carried, shot and combed over by the Gun Digest team. Well, these and numerous other guns that did not make the cut.
We’ve taken these guns to the range, sent thousands of rounds through them with various ammo—self-defense and range—and evaluated how they performed. Furthermore, we’ve also carried them in everyday situations to make certain they have the stuff for EDC and not just another gun taking up space in your safe.
Overall, these are the handguns that provide the best performance, reliability, ergonomics and comfort for EDC.
Essentially creating this class of handguns, of course, we’re kicking off the list of best micro compact 9mm guns with the P365. Getting so much right from the start is also our top pick for these small shooters.
We find a ton to like about the Sig pistol, from its modularity to its ability to melt away on the body and its relative accuracy. However, what got our attention in testing is the P365’s clockwork reliability. It simply keeps on ticking no matter what it’s fed.
Shooting-wise, we found the pistol accurate out to 25 yards in controlled fire. Up close, the 9mm shines combining a fast reset and the ability to jump targets quickly.
The overall accuracy is what most of us walked away most impressed over.
Surprising, because the gun only weighs in at a hair under 18 ounces unloaded. But smart texturing and ample grip real estate offered us supreme control.
Overall, this comes out as our top pick for micro 9mm handguns—also it tops the list of our best concealed carry guns. There’s a reason why the P365 has become among the most prolific microcompacts available today.
Check out our P365 review to get the inside out on the pistol.
The Wilson Combat EDC X9 is the next step in the evolution of one of the best self-defense handguns ever created.
EDC X9 2.0 Specs Barrel Length: 3.25″ Overall Length: 6.75″ Height: 5.25″ Width: 1.4″ Weight: 26.9 oz. Capacity: 15+1 Frame Material: Aluminum Sights: Concealment Battlesight with red fiber optic front sight Safety: Thumb Trigger Pull: 4 lbs. MSRP: $3,422
Pros
Exceptional shootability
High-quality trigger
Durable
Cons
High price tag
Heavy for a concealed carry
Thumb safety
Some of our reviewers consider the EDC X9 the perfect concealed-carry pistol. These are bold words but especially backed up by the 2.0 generation’s performance.
Outfitted with a compensator, the 1911 micro compact 9mm was the most shootable of all the guns we tested. No stretch, this gun could double as a competition pistol. In addition to the compensator, the EDC X9 has enough heft to eat up the already polite 9mm’s recoil, making double taps lighting fast.
Of course, the trigger was an exception—light, crisp and a reset no bigger than a minute.
Being a Wilson, the gun is also as reliable as the day is long. However, we did find—as is the case with most 1911s—proper lubrication is a must to keep it ticking.
We won’t go as far as to say the EDC X9 2.0 is for everyone. First off, the price tag is steep, not to mention, it’s a weightier gun than almost anything we tested. Plus, not everyone who carried the pistol carried for having to disengage a thumb safety on a carry pistol.
For those comfortable with a time-test system, however, Wilson has cooked up what can only be described as a masterpiece—one you can trust your life to.
A direct competitor to the Sig masterpiece, the Springfield micro compact 9mm is on par with the standard bearer and even exceeds it in some circumstances.
Especially notable, the Springfield touts the gun’s class-best capacity, with 11+1 on board with its flush-fit magazine.
As a bonus, the grip geometry is expanded a bit compared to other guns in this class, making it slightly more comfortable for our larger-handed reviewers.
We love the original Hellcat but the OSP model–optics ready–is where we put our money in this line of guns. If you can add a red dot, you should.
For a 3-inch barreled 9mm, the gun is very shootable, though most of our shooters found it snappy. For those who find it too jumpy, Springfield offers a compensated model that does a number on recoil.
Perhaps the one major nit to pick from some of our reviewers was the trigger proved gritty and not quite as refined as other guns we test.
Even with this, the Hellcat more than earned its place as one of the best micro 9mm guns out there today.
Boring is generally pejorative, but in the case of Glock, it’s high praise.Like nearly every other Glock we’ve handled, the G43X is boring—it’s accurate for a micro compact 9mm, chews through everything it’s fed and almost never stumbles.
In essence, it’s everything you want in a potential concealed-carry gun.
The one hitch in its giddyap is capacity.When it first came out, we were perplexed about why Glock insisted on a single-stack, which keeps its onboard at 10+1.
Admittedly, this is enough firepower to handle most circumstances, yet teeters on the edge. However, along with reliability, the other thing you can count on with Glock is a thriving aftermarket.
Luckily enough, there are plenty of options to up the round count of the G43X, including a 15-round flush-fit option from Shield Arms.
A side note, our larger-handed reviewers tended to appreciate the longer grip on the pistol, which prevented overhang.
Other than that, it’s a Glock… which most should know what that means.
Learn more about this pistol in our Glock 43X review… we also test the Glock 48 in it too.
Generally speaking, we don’t exactly do backflips over Taurus—or haven’t in the past. However, the Brazilian company got a lot right with its minute GX4 pistol.
Aside from an extremely small package with plenty of firepower (11+1), the gun performs reliably.
What shined through was the gun’s accuracy, with it producing groups as small as 1.14 inches at 10 yards. Not shabby with any pistol, but especially one with a barrel just a tick over 3 inches.
Add in it is a comfortable shooter, produced no malfunctions in our time with it and is easy to conceal, it’s a heck of a package. Especially for the price, which comes in at nearly half of what most micro 9mm ring up.
Is it perfect? Not by any stretch.
With pocket-pistol dimensions, those with larger hands are likely to find it difficult to get a grip on it. And its recoil is brisker than other guns in its class.
These factors far from preclude it from consideration—particularly for the budget-minded.
For concealed carry, the pistols are excellent offering exceptional concealability and ample firepower in a proven caliber.
What is the highest capacity micro compact 9mm?
Most micro-compact 9mm pistols have 10- or 11-round flush fit magazines. However, there are some options—such as the Wilson Combat EDC X9 2.0—that boast a 15-round flush-fit magazine. That said, nearly all micro-compact pistols have extended-capacity magazines with 15- to 17-round capacities.
What is the difference between micro compact and subcompact?
Size is the primary difference between the two classes of pistols with the micro-compact being smaller than the subcompact. Micro-compact pistols generally have a shorter overall length, height, and are lighter and thinner than subcompact pistols.
What makes a good micro-compact?
Given the main purpose of a micro-compact is on-person self-defense, its No. 1 asset is reliability. From there, the gun should be accurate, easy to conceal, relatively easy to shoot and manipulate and have ample capacity.
Looking for a new iron or piece of kit to enhance the one you already own? Check out these 7 new bits of guns and gear to grow your firearms wish list.
Henry’s Mini Bolt Youth G2 upgrades the classic single-shot .22 bolt-action for young shooters. The main improvement is an integrated feed ramp for smoother, easier loading. Weighing just 3.25 pounds, it features a stainless-steel barrel and receiver, both built for durability in camp and youth programs. The fiber-optic sights encourage confident shooting, while dual safeties—manual thumb safety and exposed cock-ing knob—aid in teaching responsible handling. The G2 is available in black or Muddy Girl camo, making it a strong choice for a first rifle. MSRP: $335
Beretta AX800 Suprema
When the air gets crisp and quacky, Beretta has just the tool. The Italian firearms juggernaut recently released its AX800 Suprema, a 12-gauge that is certain to become an icon among waterfowlers. Top to bottom, the scattergun is designed to survive and thrive in the rough conditions common to knocking ducks and geese from the sky. But perhaps the most notable aspect of the gun is its B-Link Pro Gas System, which Beretta touts as its fastest and cleanest running design to date. Of course, the gun comes with Beretta Steelium barrels and a host of other bells and whistles—stock adjustment, recoil pad, polymer stock. It’s just the medicine your blind needs. MSRP: Starting at $2,600
MDT CKYE-POD GEN3
CKYE-PODs are absolute legends in the competitive shooting world, offering more utility than you can shake a precision rifle at. And MDT has only made them better with the introduction of the third generation of the bipods. MDT has enlarged the knobs to make deployment much faster. It’s ARCA and Picatinny ready and compatible with A.R.M.S #17 heads. And the leg-lock system offers more control over the bipods, so they don’t accidentally deploy on the move. Best of all, MDT is offering them in three heights, Single-Pull, Double-Pull and Triple Pull, so you have the option of up to 2 feet of elevation. MSRP: Starting at $600
Winchester Safes VaultLite
Sometimes you simply need a place to secure your guns. It doesn’t need to be fancy or protect them from a meteor impact—just keep them under lock and key. Winchester addresses this exact need with its drop of the VaultLite safe. The non-fire-rated safe is light, attachable to a building’s fabric and secure. Constructed from 14-gauge steel, 14- and 18-gun capacity options and accessible by both keypad and key, it’s just the ticket for temporary or small locations—looking at you, apartment renters. MSRP: Starting at $300
Smith & Wesson Shield X Carry Comp Model
Smith & Wesson’s new PC Shield X Carry Comp takes the Shield X platform up a notch, adding a PowerPort-equipped 3.6-inch fluted barrel to cut muzzle rise and soften recoil. Chambered in 9mm with capacities up to 15+1, it pairs sub-compact size with serious shootability. The extended grip improves control and capacity, while aggressive slide serrations and a reversible mag catch keep handling intuitive. An accessory rail and squared trigger guard support lights or lasers. Sights include an Ameriglo LumiGreen front and serrated U-notch rear for fast pickup in any light. It’s also RMSc/K-footprint optics-ready, with a ClearSight Cut to keep gas off your glass. MSRP: $699
TriStar Arms APOC
Best known for its affordable shotguns, TriStar ventured into new territory recently—striker-fired pistols. Yeah, everyone and their brother seems to have a striker-fired on the roster nowadays, but the Kansas City-based brand’s APOC is worth giving a look. If for any reason, the price of the 9mm puts it well into the budget category, while offering plenty in return. Especially nice, the 4-inch barreled pistol boasts a 15-round capacity and is outfitted with a molded accessories rail. Other notables include fiber-optics front and rear sights, front and rear cock-ing serrations and an optional mag well. It’s a tidy package for the price. MSRP: $359
Rossi RS22 Pistol
Rossi cooked up something more fun than should be legal. Meet the .22-caliber RS22 Pistol. The latest expansion of the company’s RS22 platform has been shortened and braced (Strike Industries FSA) to deliver countless hours of plinking fun. Best of all, the semi-automatic platform is tailored for suppression with a 6-inch barrel and ½x28 TPI threaded muzzle. The pistol ships with a 10-round magazine but accepts the larger RS22 magazines. It’s outfitted with a Picatinny rail for the easy addition of optics. And it has an accessory rail, so adding a light or laser is a snap. MSRP: $390
Editor’s Note: This article originally appeared in the January 2026 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.
If a lethal threat ever forces you to draw your gun, you need to focus on hitting center mass of the available target.
As it has been wisely pointed out by numerous firearms instructors, the purpose of shooting is hitting. However, hitting is not just about directing your bullet so it impacts the target—it’s about placing your bullet on the correct spot on the target.
For example, if you’re shooting at a bull’s-eye target, the goal is not to just hit the bull, it’s to hit the center of the bull’s-eye. But, in a real-world scenario where you would need to shoot a human attacker with your defensive handgun, there will not be a bull’s-eye to aim at.
So, what should you do?
Shoot to Stop
Hunters shoot to kill. Their goal is to place a bullet in the most lethal spot they can. Most often this is in the heart and lung area of the target. This area—like with a deer—is about the size of a paper plate like you would use at a picnic. If a hunter can place a rifle bullet in this area, there is a high probability he can achieve a fast and humane kill.
It’s different when you’re shooting in a self-defense situation. With a self-defense handgun, your goal is not to kill, but to stop; you’re simply trying to use the bullets fired by your defensive handgun to make the bad guy stop doing bad things.
Any attempt to kill on your part would represent lethal intent or malice, neither of which are agreeable with a justifiable self-defense shooting. When you engage a human threat with a defensive handgun, you are hoping that, through either pain or fear, you will convince your attacker to cease and desist. The pain you’re hoping for is the pain that a bullet can cause.
Unlike animals that have no concept of injury or death, you’re also hoping that the fear of the effects of the shot—or even a miss—you have made will stop the fight. To successfully inflict that pain and/or fear on an attacker, ideally, you must hit your target, and the highest probability for that is to aim center mass.
If you must shoot in self-defense, initially and most often, aiming center mass gives you the highest probability for a hit.
Center Mass
By aiming center mass, you’re simply giving your bullets the best chance to contact the target. It’s no different than when you’re shooting at a steel plate. You know that, under the stress of time, enhanced with a fear for your life, you will most likely not shoot your best. Also, the target—the bad guy—might be moving, which complicates getting a hit at all.
Though it’s possible that unleashing a hail of bullets in the direction of your attacker might cause them to give up and/or flee, it’s not something to be counted on. And you must remember that you own every bullet you fire. This is particularly important with the ones that miss.
Yeah, you fired three shots in the direction of the fiend that was trying to kill you, and he ran off, unharmed. You win! But what about those shots that missed and hit an innocent bystander? You cannot blame them on the bad guy; you are responsible for those shots.
Aiming/shooting center mass sounds easy, but “center mass of what?” is the real question.
Available Target
On a human who’s standing facing you, center mass—center of the available target—is generally at the celiac plexus, or solar plexus. The celiac plexus is a complex network of nerves located in the abdomen, near where the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery and renal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta.
“Center mass of the available target” changes based on how much and what part of the target you can see.
Of course, you cannot see any of this … but if you have ever had the wind knocked out of you, you know exactly where the solar plexus is located.
As for aiming at the solar plexus, it’s located about midway between a horizontal line drawn between the nipples and the belly button. Of course, unless your attacker is naked you cannot see this, either. And this “center of the available target” will vary depending on what parts of your target/attacker you can see.
If a bad guy is shooting at you from behind a car, your available target does not include the solar plexus; you’ll most likely only be able to see his arms, shoulders and head. In a self-defense situation, your available target is the totality of all your attacker that you can see, and the center of that is where you aim.
Exceptions to the Rule
There are several reasons shots to the center mass of your available target—your attacker—might not be sufficient.
Your attacker could be holding something blocking his center mass, such as a rifle, or he could be wearing body armor and/or be under the influence of narcotics. In these cases, hits in and around the solar plexus might not be possible … or might not have the immediate effect you’re hoping for.
In this instance, with the attacker’s rifle covering center mass, you should aim elsewhere—a little below or above center mass.
If you have fired multiple shots at the center mass of your attacker, and believe you’ve been getting hits but are not seeing results—and, if you are still being attacked—then it might be a good idea to aim/shoot at something else.
In this instance, you need to direct your shots at a specific body part that can have a more profound effect. The two primary options are the pelvic girdle and the head.
With a shot to the pelvic girdle, your bullet can break the support structure and potentially cause collapse.
Also, if you’re holding a dangerous suspect at gun point, you might/should be aiming at his pelvic girdle area so you can see his hands. If he moves for a weapon or attacks, you simply pull the trigger and then transition to center mass shots.
Holding a suspect at gunpoint is only justifiable if they are a threat, and by aiming at their pelvic area you can see their hands and instantly shoot if necessary.
And finally, a shot to the head can damage the central nervous system of your attacker and cause immediate collapse.
Now, you might be thinking, if a shot to the head is so much more effective, why would I not try that first?
There are two reasons.
First, the head is a small target that is most often moving. This makes it harder to hit and increases the opportunity for an errant bullet to hit something or someone else. Secondly, an initial shot to the head does not convey the justifiable—shoot to stop—purpose of shooting another human.
Big targets are easier to hit than small targets, so aim at the center of the big target and pray that a hit there will be enough.
Then, if it fails to stop your attacker, you have options.
Editor’s Note: This article originally appeared in the February 2026 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.
Looking to go armed, but are stuck in the weeds as to what to arm yourself with? Here are 20 of the best concealed carry gun options that will keep you on the defensive.
