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Ruger .22 Handgun: Gun Digest’s Top Pistol Picks (2022)

Jerry Lee
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Ruger .22 Handgun: Gun Digest’s Top Pistol Picks (2022)
Updated 4/9/2022
A first-year Standard Model, serial number 0194, from the first shipment from the Ruger factory in October of 1949. Photo courtesy Don Findley.
A first-year Standard Model, serial number 0194, from the first shipment from the Ruger factory in October of 1949.
Photo courtesy Don Findley.

Ruger hit a grand slam with its first Ruger 22 pistol, introduced to the shooting public in 1949. Here are Gun Digest's top picks of Ruger rimfire handguns.

When an advertisement for the “.22 Ruger pistol” appeared in the August 1949 issue of the National Rifle Association’s American Rifleman magazine, firearms history was made. The ad presented the very first Ruger 22 pistol to the shooting public, and it also introduced the name Sturm, Ruger and Co., Inc. to an industry that one day would be dominated by the company.

At a glance, the image of the Ruger pistol was very familiar; it bore a striking resemblance to the German Luger. Not only were the names similar, the overall look of the new handgun—the profile, angle of the grip, shape of the trigger guard, the tapered barrel and design of the front sight—said “Luger.”

This was not a negative, as the Luger was one of the most famous and recognizable guns in the world. However, the similarities ended with the outward appearance, for the Ruger’s operating mechanism and blow-back action were nothing like that of the toggle-locked, recoil-operated Luger.

Where it all began, the first Ruger .22 pistol prototype, circa 1946.
Where it all began, the first Ruger .22 pistol prototype, circa 1946.

Ruger's 22 Pistol Hits the Sweet Spot

The introductory price for what would soon become known as the Standard Model was $37.50, well positioned to compete with the other .22 semiautomatic pistols on the market.

This was about half the price of the popular Colt Woodsman, and was also less than the lowest priced High Standard .22 pistol, those being the only manufacturers of rimfire pistols in the country at the time.

Primarily based on that ad in American Rifleman, workers at the Ruger plant in Southport, CT were soon very busy filling orders. By October 6, 1949 the first shipment of 100 pistols was on the way to retailers, wholesalers and individuals. The new pistol was an immediate success and the Ruger name was on its way to becoming a major player in the firearms industry.

The Ruger company placed this ad in the August 1949 issue of American Rifleman, the NRA’s membership journal and the only true “gun” magazine at the time.

From 1949 to 1951, the Standard Model had a Ruger red eagle medallion inlay on the left grip panel. The medallion was designed by Bill Ruger’s partner and co-founder, Alex Sturm, who was an artist and writer, in addition to being a collector of fine firearms.

The red eagle became the logo for the company in its advertising, on letterheads, catalogs and business cards, as well as the grip panel of the pistol.

This was changed to a black eagle beginning with serial number 34369, in honor of Sturm who died on November 16, 1951 from viral hepatitis at the age of 28.

The black eagle grip was on all Ruger Standard .22 pistols until 1999, when the red eagle medallion was resurrected for a special 50th anniversary model.

(Approximately 25,600 pistols with red eagle medallion on the grip were manufactured before the death of Alexander Sturm, although serial numbers exist beyond 35,000. This is due to the fact that blocks of serial numbers were often set aside and then used at a later date.)

STANDARD MODEL, RED EAGLE GRIP MEDALLION

The Ruger company placed this ad in the August 1949 issue of American Rifleman, the NRA’s membership journal and the only true “gun” magazine at the time.
The Ruger company placed this ad in the August 1949 issue of American Rifleman, the NRA’s membership journal and the only true “gun” magazine at the time.

The Standard Model was based on a simple and reliable blowback design that would function with both standard and high-speed .22 Long Rifle ammunition. Features include a tubular receiver with a cylindrical bolt, blue finish, checkered hard rubber grips, wide grooved trigger, thumb safety, fixed sights and a nine-shot detachable magazine.

With the original 4 ¾-inch barrel, weight is 36 ounces. Approximately 890 pistols were shipped via REA in a wooden “salt cod” box.

MARK I TARGET MODEL GOVERNMENT ISSUE

Gov Issue

From 1956 to 1967 about 5,570 “U.S.” marked Mark I Target Models were shipped to various agencies of the U.S. military. No NIB examples are believed to exist as all of these pistols were used for training purposes.

Some were fitted with silencers and used in the tunnels of Vietnam. The serial numbers on some U.S.-marked guns measure 1⁄8-inch in height, while standard serial numbers measure 3⁄32-inch.

MARK II STANDARD MODEL

A civilian version of the Government Model Target. Only a handful of these models with a U.S. rollmark are believed to be in civilian hands.
A civilian version of the Government Model Target. Only a handful of these models with a U.S. rollmark are believed to be in civilian hands.

Changes for this model were mostly on the inside and included a 10-round magazine instead of the original nine, a faster lock-time, a magazine release button that could easily be moved to either side of the grip, and a device to hold the action open after the last shot was fired.

A new safety allowed the pistol to be loaded or unloaded, or the action to be manually operated, with the safety on. With the Mark II there was an optional stainless steel finish.

The original price for this model in 1982 was $147.50. Two special “Friends of NRA” models were manufactured for the National Rifle Association’s auctions in 1997 (blue finish) and in 2001 (stainless).

To mark the end of the Mark II series, in 2004 the last 1,000 were marked “One of One Thousand.” A small premium of 10 to 20 percent could be negotiated for this model.

MARK II GOVERNMENT TARGET MODEL

Mark II Govt

This special model is a civilian version of a special model made for the federal government as a training pistol for U.S. military personnel. It has an adjustable rear sight, 6 7⁄8-inch bull barrel and came with either a blue or stainless finish.

These models were made with a tight chamber to enhance accuracy. A very limited number with a “U.S.” marking on the right side of the frame—perhaps no more than 25—are believed to have found their way to civilian hands.

One of these models was sold at auction in December 2013 for more than $1,500. The civilian Government Model was identical but did not have the government markings. In 1992, a variation with a slab-side barrel was introduced in stainless steel.

MARK II MODEL 22/45

This first version of the 22/45 series was introduced in 1993 with a grip angle similar to the Model 1911.
This first version of the 22/45 series was introduced in 1993 with a grip angle similar to the Model 1911.

Introduced in 1993, the Model 22/45 featured a composite (Zytel) frame patterned after the shape of the grip frame on the Government Model 1911 .45 auto pistol and was designed to appeal to the many shooters who favor that model.

Other changes included reshaping the bottom of the magazine and moving the magazine release button to the same position as is found on the Model 1911.

Barrel lengths available were 4 inches with standard sights, 5 ¼ inches with target sights, or a 5 1⁄2 inch bull barrel with target sights. A blue or stainless finish was offered.

MARK III STANDARD MODEL

An option for the Ruger .22 pistol Mark III Hunter Model is this attractive and ergonomic set of contoured laminate grips.
An option for the Ruger Mark III Hunter Model is this attractive and ergonomic set of contoured laminate grips.

This further refinement of Ruger’s original .22 pistol was introduced to the marketplace in 2005 and as of 2014 is the current model in production.

New features included placing the magazine release button on the left side at the rear of the triggerguard, where it is located on most modern semi-auto pistols.

Mark III pistols also have a loaded chamber indicator, internal lock, magazine disconnect, and recontoured sights and ejection port. Standard features include fixed sights, black checkered grips, blue finish, and a 4 ¾- or 6-inch barrel.

MARK III COMPETITION

Mark III Comp

A variant of the Target Model series, the Competition model was introduced in 2005. It comes only in a stainless finish, and has a 6 7⁄8-inch slab-side barrel and checkered brown laminate grips with a thumb rest. Weight is 45 ounces.

MARK III 22/45 LITE

Ruger Lite

The newest variation of this popular model introduced in 2013 with a 4.4-inch fluted and threaded barrel, aluminum upper, Zytel polymer frame, replaceable black laminate grip panels, and barrel sleeve. Weight is approximately 23 ounces.

RUGER MARK IV .22 PISTOL

The Ruger Mark IV is like the Remington 870 of .22 pistols — it seems everyone in America has at least one tucked away in their gun safes. Affordable and — now, in the Mark IV design change — easy to disassemble and reassemble for cleaning, it’s the .22 pistol responsible for many a fun weekend of plinking shenanigans and small game hunting.
The Ruger Mark IV is like the Remington 870 of .22 pistols — it seems everyone in America has at least one tucked away in their gun safe. Affordable and — now, in the Mark IV design change — easy to disassemble and reassemble for cleaning, it’s the .22 pistol responsible for many a fun weekend of plinking shenanigans and small game hunting.

When Bill Ruger rolled out his Standard Model .22 pistol in 1949, it’s doubtful that even he could have imagined the success the little semi-auto .22 would bring. It seemed everyone in America wanted the cheap .22 pistol (“cheap” as in “inexpensive”).

The Standard Model would eventually beget a brood of variants that would cover everything from backyard plinking and small game hunting to target models. These would stand shoulder-to-shoulder with the High Standard Supermatic and Smith & Wesson Model 41 on the firing line of NRA Bullseye competition.

The Standard Model and Mark I Target would eventually evolve into the Mark II, Mark III and — the latest — Ruger Mark IV. Today’s Mark IV .22 pistol represents the greatest design change since the advent of the Standard Model.

They were plagued through the Mark III evolution with difficult disassembly and reassembly. The Ruger Mark IV now features an easy push-button takedown, which snaps back together after cleaning.

If competitive match shooting is in your future, check out the Ruger Mark IV Competition and Ruger Mark IV Target as affordable alternatives to a Model 41.

RUGER CHARGER .22 PISTOL

The unique Charger had a striking appearance and while it was listed under handguns in the Ruger catalog it was based on the 10/22 Carbine design.
The unique Charger had a striking appearance and while it was listed under handguns in the Ruger catalog it was based on the 10/22 Carbine design.

The Charger was introduced in 2008 with a 10-inch barrel and a gray/black laminated pistol-grip stock with a unique ergonomic fore-end. A bipod is included.

Capacity of the 10/22-type rotary magazine is 10 rounds and the weight is 52 ounces. An accessory rail is mounted on top of the receiver. The Charger was in production from 2008 through 2012.

RUGER SR22

The SR22 is a modern pistol with features found on many more expensive models.
The SR22 is a modern pistol with features found on many more expensive models.

This model was introduced in 2012. It is a traditional double/single-action semiauto chambered for the .22 Long Rifle rimfire cartridge and operates with a straight blowback design. (Unlike the SR9, SR40 and SR45 centerfire models, the SR22 is not a striker-fired pistol.)

With its polymer grip frame and aluminum slide, the gun weighs only 17.5 ounces. The barrel length is 3.5 inches with the overall length measuring 6.4 inches. Magazine capacity is 10 rounds. The three-dot style sights are adjustable and there is a Picatinny rail for lights or other accessories.

Other features include an external hammer, a loaded chamber indicator, and ergonomic rubber grips that come in two interchangeable styles.

Operating controls include a safety/decocker lever and magazine release button, both ambidextrous. Finish is black matte on the frame and either a black or silver anodized slide. A threaded barrel is an available option.

SINGLE SIX (Old Model)

Three New Model rimfires show the different sighting combinations available in current the production guns. At the top, a Single Ten with fiber optic front and adjustable rear sights; center, a Single Six Hunter model with adjustable sights plus integral scope mount bases; and at bottom, a New Model Convertible model with adjustable rear and ramp front sights. Fixed sights are also optional for the Convertible model.
Three New Model rimfires show the different sighting combinations available in current the production guns. At the top, a Single Ten with fiber optic front and adjustable rear sights; center, a Single Six Hunter model with adjustable sights plus integral scope mount bases; and at bottom, a New Model Convertible model with adjustable rear and ramp front sights. Fixed sights are also optional for the Convertible model.

Inspired by the classic Colt Single Action Army, the Single Six in .22 LR was first introduced with a 5 ½-inch barrel. Later models were added with a 4 5⁄8-inch, 6 ½-inch or 9 ½-inch barrel lengths. The Single Six could also be used with .22 Short or .22 Long ammunition.

As the name suggested, the cylinder held six rounds but, as noted above, the original model could only be safely carried with the hammer over an empty chamber.

Grips were checkered hard rubber with a black eagle medallion inlay on each side. Varnished walnut or stag grips were available as an option with true ivory grips added in 1954.

The standard model had a blued barrel and cylinder with an anodized aluminum grip frame. The earliest Single Sixes featured a flat loading gate and rounded profile front sight and are referred to by collectors and Ruger aficionados as Flat Loading Gate models.

A lightweight variation with an aluminum frame and/or cylinder was introduced in 1956.

Original prices were $57.50 for the standard model in 1953, and $63.25 for the Lightweight (1956). In 1959 a version was introduced chambered for the .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire cartridge, and was made only with a 6 ½-inch barrel.

The Convertible model with interchangeable .22 LR and .22 WMR cylinders became available in 1962 and replaced the .22 WMR-only model. It was made with barrel lengths of 4 5⁄8, 5 ½, 6 ½ or 9 ½ inches and was in production until 1972.

The Super Single Six model was introduced in 1964 with upgraded features including an adjustable rear sight, a ramp front, and an integral sight rib. Most Super Single Sixes came with interchangeable cylinders for .22 LR and .22 WMR.

NEW BEARCAT

The Ruger .22 Bearcat revolver.
The Ruger .22 Bearcat revolver.

This old favorite was reintroduced in 1994 as the Super Bearcat with a four-inch barrel, fixed sights, rosewood grips and interchangeable cylinders in .22 LR and .22 WMR. Features included smooth rosewood grips, fixed sights, and the transfer bar hammer-block safety.

There was a factory recall of the .22 WMR cylinders, meaning that samples with both cylinders are rare.

About 1000 Bearcats were sold with the WMR cylinders, between serial numbers 93-00500 and 93-01944. A “timing” problem made them unsafe and therefore the magnum cylinders were recalled, but not all were returned to Ruger.

The rarity of samples with both .22 LR and .22 WMR cylinders makes them more valuable but the WMR cylinders must not be used. As stated on the Ruger website: Firing a .22 Magnum cartridge in a cylinder not correctly timed with the barrel may result in excessively high pressures, causing the cartridge case head to fail.

This can result in personal injury to the shooter or bystanders from pieces of cartridge case brass.

Current production revolvers are available only in .22 LR with a 4.2-inch barrel and either a blue or stainless finish.

This article is an excerpt from the Standard Catalog of Ruger Firearms. 

More Rimfire Info:

Corey Graff contributed to this article.

Classic Guns: Winchester Model 1897 Pump-Action Shotgun

Jerry Lee
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Classic Guns: Winchester Model 1897 Pump-Action Shotgun
Model 1897 Riot Grade
Model 1897 Riot Grade

Best know in its Trench Gun iteration, the Winchester Model 1897 could be had in multitude of configurations to handle any situation.

What Were The Winchester Model 1897 Models:

When I was growing up in Texas in the 1950s, one of my uncles had a Winchester Model 97 with a 32-inch, full-choke barrel. I remember asking him why he had the 32-inch barrel. 

“Turkeys,” he said. “Gotta reach out for them turkeys.”

The Model 97 took its fair share of game in its 60 years of production, but that’s not why it’s remembered.

U.S. doughboys thinning the German ranks in World War I with the “Trench Gun” or “Trench Broom” is what etched this John Browning design into history. The Model 97 was apparently so effective at its job during the Great War that the Germans filed a diplomatic protest over the weapon, claiming the shotgun was illegal (per the Hague Convention, due to it causing unnecessary suffering. Really? Crocodile tears for the purveyors of poison gas and inventors of the modern flamethrower).

Winchester Model 1897 Standard
Winchester Model 1897 Standard

The 97 was essentially the evolution of another Browning shotgun design, the Model 1893, strengthened to handle new-for-the-time smokeless powders.

The Configurations

The Model 1897 replaced the Model 1893. Similar to the 1893, the new model had several improvements, such as a stronger frame and a chamber made longer to handle 2.75-inch shells. In addition, the frame top was covered to force complete side ejection, and the stock was made longer and with less drop. It was available in 12- or 16-gauge. The 12-gauge could be had in solid or takedown styles; the 16-gauge in takedown only. Winchester offered the new Model 1897 in barrel lengths of 20, 26, 28, 30 and 32 inches in practically all the choke options, from full to cylinder.

The Model 1897 was a great seller for Winchester: During its 60-year production span, 1,025,000 guns were sold.

The Model 1897 adapter allowed the attachment of the M1917 bayonet.
The Model 1897 adapter allowed the attachment of the M1917 bayonet.

The Model 1897 could be ordered in several different configurations:

Standard Gun
12- or 16-gauge: 30-inch barrel (12-gauge) and 28-inch barrel (16-gauge); plain walnut modified pistol-grip stock, grooved slide handle, steel buttplate (standard).

Trap Gun
12- or 16-gauge: 30-inch barrel (12-gauge) and 28-inch barrel (16-gauge); fancy walnut stock, oil finish, checkered pistol-/straight-grip stock, checkered slide handle. Marked “TRAP” on the bottom of the frame.

Pigeon Gun
12- or 16-gauge with a 28-inch barrel on both gauges; straight-/pistol-grip stock, hand-engraved receiver.

Tournament Gun
12-gauge only: 30-inch barrel; select walnut checkered, straight-grip stock, checkered slide handle, top of receiver matted to reduce glare.

Brush Gun
12- or 16-gauge: 26-inch barrel; cylinder choke has a slightly shorter magazine tube than the standard gun, plain walnut modified pistol grip stock, grooved slide handle.

Brush Gun, Takedown
Same as the Brush Gun but with a takedown feature, standard-length magazine tube.

Riot Gun
12-gauge: 20-inch barrel bored to shoot buckshot, plain walnut modified pistol-grip stock, grooved slide handle, solid frame or takedown.

Trench Gun
Same as the Riot Gun, but fitted with a barrel handguard and bayonet.

For more information on the Winchester Model 1897, please visit winchesterguns.com.

The article originally appeared in the December 2019 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.

More Gun Collecting Info:

Classic Guns: Ruger Red Label Shotgun

Jerry Lee
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Classic Guns: Ruger Red Label Shotgun
Among the engraved Ruger Red Label models offered was this limited edition commemorating the 50th anniversary of Sturm, Ruger & Co. in 1999.
Among the engraved Ruger Red Label models offered was this limited edition commemorating the 50th anniversary of Sturm, Ruger & Co. in 1999.

No longer in production, the Ruger Red Lable is still considered iconic. And at one time, it made the gunmaker the only outfit manufacturing pistols, rifles and shotguns.

What Made The Ruger Red Label A Unique Over/Under:

  • First introduced in 20 gauge, a 12 gauge added five years later.
  • Originally outfitted with fixed chokes, interchangeable tubes becoming an option in 1988 and then standard fare in 1990.
  • Gun included a single selective trigger, selective automatic ejectors and a checkered American walnut stock.
  • A pistol grip or English-style straight grip were both available.
  • A unique feature of the box-lock action was a completely smooth design with no exposed screws or pins.

Sturm, Ruger & Co. is known for creating some of the most popular firearms in American history; some can even be called icons. These would include the Ruger Standard Model .22 pistol, dozens of single- and double-action revolvers, and many rimfire and centerfire rifles, including the ubiquitous 10/22, now in its 55th year of production.

All of this was accomplished by a company that’s still a relative newcomer to an old industry. From a modest beginning in a Connecticut barn 70 years ago, Ruger became the only gun company to manufacture all categories of firearms in the USA: pistols, revolvers, rifles and shotguns. In 1977, Bill Ruger accomplished his feat of rounding out all the gun categories when the Red Label over/under shotgun was announced. It remained in production until 2011, and after a couple of years, it briefly returned to the catalog in 2014.

The Ruger Red Label, unlike many other over/unders or doubles, was first introduced in 20 gauge, with the 12 gauge added five years later (1982). The sleek, little 28 didn’t come along until 1995 and is rare enough to bring a premium. Fixed chokes in the common patterns of improved/modified, modified/full or skeet/skeet were standard, with interchangeable tubes becoming an option in 1988 and then standard fare in 1990.

Other features included a single selective trigger, selective automatic ejectors and a checkered American walnut stock with either a pistol grip or English-style straight grip. A unique feature of the box-lock action was a completely smooth design with no exposed screws or pins. This served as an ideal background for many engraved models, which were available at extra cost from several master engravers.

The Red Label was introduced with a suggested retail price of $480, which would equal a little more than $2,000 today. Remington’s Model 3200 was the only other quality over/under made in America at the time; it was priced in the $1,000 range.

Draw A Bead On Shotguns:

Bill Ruger on the Red Label

In R.L. Wilson’s excellent book, Ruger and His Guns (Chartwell Books, 2007), William B. Ruger spoke with pride about his new over/under shotgun and the changes in manufacturing processes:

A single-barrel Ruger Red Label trap model was introduced in 2000. It featured an adjustable buttstock and cheekpiece. Only about 300 were made, making it one of the rarest Ruger firearms.
A single-barrel Ruger Red Label trap model was introduced in 2000. It featured an adjustable buttstock and cheekpiece. Only about 300 were made, making it one of the rarest Ruger firearms.

“We make the finest pair of shotgun barrels that could ever be built. We put the money into the machine instead of in hand labor. All the great, old-time gunsmiths—the men who made the beautiful things—are today building the beautiful equipment to build the beautiful things. Perhaps you could say that, except for engraving, gold inlaying and elegant finish, [by] using machines, you can easily surpass the work of the finest person in terms of truly mechanical movement, the precision of the apparatus. You have to remember—fine watches are not made with files.”

The Red Label was not without its critics. Some shooters complained about the gun’s weight and poor balance with longer barrels. However, depending on personal tastes and shooting style, many liked the design. Even so, by 2010, the price had risen to $1,900, and production had dropped to only 1,323 guns. The time had come for a change, and the original model was discontinued in 2011.

A redesign was already in the works. Ruger addressed some of the criticisms with a new version in 2013. Improvements included a change in the gun’s center of gravity, resulting in enhanced shooting performance and handling in the field. Extended forcing cones and back-bored barrels helped address the recoil issue. The new model had a suggested retail price of $1,399—about $500 less than the version it was replacing, mainly due to streamlined production costs.

In January 2015, the company announced that the Red Label was no more. Increased competition from European gunmakers had reached a point at which Ruger could not meet revenue expectations.

The article originally appeared in the November 2019 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.

Classic Guns: Remington Model 760 Series And Other Pump-Actions

Jerry Lee
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Classic Guns: Remington Model 760 Series And Other Pump-Actions
A 1952 first-year edition of the Model 760 Gamemaster in .300 Savage.
A 1952 first-year edition of the Model 760 Gamemaster in .300 Savage. Photo: GunsAmerica.com

The Remington Model 760 was exceptionally accurate and fast shooting, but was far from the first pump-action gem “Big Green” turned out.

What Are The Advantages Of The Pump-Action Rifle:

  • Among the fastest manually operated actions.
  • Inherently, the pump is ambidextrous.
  • The rifle can use loads semi-autos would fail to cycle.
  • Certain designs have proven exceptionally accurate.

The slide-action, or pump, firearm has often been described as uniquely American. While the first patent for the design was issued in the 1850s in England, pump guns—both shotguns and rifles—never really caught on in the United Kingdom or Europe. Many shooters “across the pond” look upon them with disdain, as do some in the United States. Yet, others swear by them.

The pump has many advantages: It’s the fastest and easiest to use of the manually operated actions; it’s ambidextrous (although empty cases are ejected into the lefty shooter’s field of view); and the operation gives the pump the ability to use ammo loads of varying power that a semi-auto would fail to cycle.

Slide-action fans have been compared to drivers who prefer a stick shift transmission. Some people just prefer a hands-on relationship with things. There are hunters who have nothing but slide-action shotguns, rimfires and centerfire rifles in their gun safes. If you like a pump, you like a pump.

Pump-Action Shotgun's Backstory

Remington has a long history with slide-actions. What was called the Remington Repeating Shotgun was introduced in 1908. Two years later, it was renamed the Model 10.

Remington pump shotgun designs evolved through the first half of the century. Several popular models were offered: the Model 17, 29 and the 31. Then, in 1950, the great Model 870 was announced. It is still in production, with more than 11 million sold, making it the most manufactured shotgun in firearms history.

This Model 760 Gamemaster is a .30-06 manufactured in 1956.
This Model 760 Gamemaster is a .30-06 manufactured in 1956. Photo: GunsAmerica.com

Slide-action rifles became a part of Remington’s legacy in 1909 with the introduction of the Model 12 .22 rimfire. It evolved into the 121 in the 1930s and was replaced in the ‘50s by the 572, which is still in production today.

Remington Centerfire Pump-Actions

The focus of this month’s column is the Remington centerfire slide-action family of firearms.

More Gun Collecting Info:

Big Green’s history with this category of rifles goes back to the Model 14. It was introduced in 1912 and was chambered for three Remington rounds: the .25 Rem., .30 Rem. and .32 Rem.—all rimless versions of the .25-35, .30-30 and .32 Win. Special.

A variant, the 14½, was added in 1913 and was offered in the popular .38-40 and .44-40 Winchester calibers. The Model 14 and 14½ were in production until 1935, when they were replaced by the Model 141, which was made until 1950. The 141 was chambered for the same cartridges as the Model 14—.25 Rem., .30 Rem. and .32 Rem.—as well as the .35 Remington.

Another early Remington slide-action centerfire was the Model 25, in production from 1923 to 1936. It was offered in .25-20 and .32-20, two very popular small-game cartridges of the day.

In April 1952, Remington introduced the first slide-action rifle that was chambered for popular big-game cartridges such as the .30-06, .270 Win. and .300 Savage. This was the Model 760 Gamemaster. Other original chamberings included the .222 Rem., .244 Rem., .257 Roberts, .280 Rem., .35 Rem. and later, the .243, 6mm Rem. and .308 Winchester.

The Model 760 was replaced in 1981 by the similar, but upgraded, Model 7600. It’s still in production today.
The Model 760 was replaced in 1981 by the similar, but upgraded, Model 7600. It’s still in production today.

The Model 760 introduced several improvements over the 141, including dual-action bars and a detachable magazine that allowed the use of spitzer bullets. The standard model came with a 22-inch barrel, but there was also a carbine version with an 18½-inch barrel.

The slide-action Model 760 was an accurate rifle and was able to keep up with the famous bolt-action target guns. In 1961, a U.S. shooter won the double-shot aggregate at the World Championship in Oslo, Norway, with a 760, and another took second place in the single-shot World Championship in Cairo, Egypt. 1

The Model 760 remained in production until 1981, when it was replaced by the Model 7600. Over its 28-year run, 1,034,462 Model 760 Gamemasters were manufactured. This included several Deluxe and High Grade models, such as Remington’s Peerless and Premier grades, which featured extensive engraving. 2

Some of the rarer calibers are worth a considerable premium over standard chamberings.

FOOTNOTES
1: Pa Was a Pump Gun Man, 62nd Edition, Gerald Peterson, Gun Digest, 2008
2: The History of Remington Firearms, Roy Marcot, Chartwell Books, 2011

For more information on Remington pump-action guns, please visit remington.com.

The article originally appeared in the October 2019 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.

Ruger Standard: The Pistol That Built An Empire

Jerry Lee
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Ruger Standard: The Pistol That Built An Empire
This 1958 vintage pistol with a tapered, 5-inch barrel has the look of the classic Ruger .22.
This 1958 vintage pistol with a tapered, 5-inch barrel has the look of the classic Ruger .22.

A humble, yet forward-looking .22 LR pistol, the Ruger Standard became the unexpected cornerstone of one of America's largest gunmakers.

Firearms history was made threescore and 10 years ago, when the first Ruger was introduced. An ad in August 1949 presented to the shooting public not only a new gun, but also a new manufacturer: Sturm, Ruger & Co.

Luger/Ruger

The ad read, “The .22 Ruger Pistol represents the first overall improvement in automatic pistol design since the Browning patent of 1905. For simplicity, strength and handsomeness, it has no equal.”

It went on to describe the unique design. “A cylindrical bolt moving in a tubular receiver provides a strong, simple action with unmoving sights. It can be dismantled in five seconds.”

Here, one of many ads for the Ruger Standard Model.
Here, one of many ads for the Ruger Standard Model.

The image in the ad bore a striking resemblance to the German Luger. Not only were the names similar, the profile, angle of the grip, trigger guard, tapered barrel and the front sight said “Luger.” This was not a problem, because the Luger was one of the most famous pistols in the world. However, on the inside, the Ruger’s operating mechanism and blow-back action were nothing like the toggle-locked, recoil-operated Luger.

Immediate Customer Response

When Sturm, Ruger & Co. introduced the new .22 pistol, its retail price was $37.50. The only manufacturers of .22 semi-auto pistols in America at the time were Colt and High Standard; the Ruger’s price was about half that of the Colt Woodsman and less than the lowest-priced High Standard. Very soon, the first shipment of 100 pistols was on the way to gun stores. It was an immediate success and jump-started the new company on its way to becoming a major player in the gun business.

Get More Information On Ruger Guns

Bill Ruger was quoted as saying, “The Woodsman was the first influence on our .22 pistols and also the Luger. What I did was to conceive our .22 as a low-cost equivalent to the Woodsman, which is exactly what High Standard had done previously. But there was something about the High Standard that wasn’t as neat; they didn’t get it right. It looked too much like a product of the ’50s, with plastics and things. We really murdered High Standard with our guns.”1

Alex Sturm

Ruger’s partner in the founding of Sturm, Ruger & Co. was Alex Sturm, an artist and writer who was from a prominent Connecticut family. He provided the startup money for Ruger—a staggering $50,000 at a time when that was a lot of money. Sturm had a lot in common with Ruger. A collector of fine firearms, swords and heraldry, he designed the Germanic eagle medallion that became the official logo of the company.2

The famous Red Eagle grip medallion was on the first production Standard Models, of which about 27,000 were made between 1949 and 1952. The logo was changed to black in 1952 in memory of Alexander Sturm.
The famous Red Eagle grip medallion was on the first production Ruger Standard Models, of which about 27,000 were made between 1949 and 1952. The logo was changed to black in 1952 in memory of Alexander Sturm.

Sturm and Ruger became good friends, but their relationship was short-lived. Sturm became seriously ill with viral hepatitis and, within 10 days, died on November 16, 1951, at the age of 28. For the first two years of production, the left grip panel of the Ruger pistol featured the company logo with an inlay of a red eagle. After Sturm’s death, Bill Ruger changed the inlay to black to honor Sturm.

The Ruger Standard

The original model, which quickly became known as the Ruger Standard Model, was produced in several variants: the original standard and target models (1949–1952); the Black or Silver Eagle model; the “Hecho En Mexico” (made in Mexico) model; the Black or Silver Eagle Mark I Target; and the Stainless 1 of 5,000, with or without the California Freedom inscription (CAL. FREEDOM ’82). This last one was one of 26 donated by Ruger to the California Citizens Against the Gun Initiative in 1982. The Mark II Series was made from 1982 to 2005, and the Mark III from 2005 to 2016, at which time the current Mark IV models were launched.

Collector Interest

As is usually the case, most collector interest in Ruger firearms is with the earlier guns. The Hecho En Mexico model brings a premium in its value because of its rarity. In 1957, Ruger shipped 250 sets of parts to Armamex in Mexico. That company added the barrels and assembled 250 pistols—200 with 4½-inch barrels and 50 with 6½-inch barrels.3

One of the recent Mark III variants is this striking Hunter Model with a fluted barrel and laser sights.
One of the recent Mark III variants is this striking Hunter Model with a fluted barrel and laser sights.

Military-marked models also call for a premium. These pistols were made for the federal government as a training model for military personnel. A limited number with a “U.S.” marking are believed to have found their way into civilian hands (perhaps no more than 25). It should also be noted that an original “salt cod” box, in which the earliest Ruger Standard Models were shipped, is more valuable than the pistol itself!

The gun that started it all for Sturm, Ruger & Co. has been the most popular .22 semi-auto pistol for several generations of shooters. It’s still in production today, being made in several standard, target, competition, tactical and hunter models—and still at bargain prices, compared to many other brands.

Seventy years and still going strong.

FOOTNOTES
1, 2: Ruger and His Guns, R.L. Wilson, Chartwell Books, 2007
3: Standard Catalog of Ruger Firearms, F+W Media, 2014

The article originally appeared in the September 2019 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.

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Classic Firearms: The Smith & Wesson Hand Ejector Revolver

Jerry Lee
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Classic Firearms: The Smith & Wesson Hand Ejector Revolver
This Hand Ejector Second Model .44 Special is in excellent condition.
This Hand Ejector Second Model .44 Special is in excellent condition. Photo: Guns International

Introduced more than a century ago, the basic design of the Smith & Wesson hand ejector continues to define double-action pistols today.

What You Need To Know About Smith & Wesson Hand Ejector Revolvers:

  • The first hand ejector model was the .32 Hand Ejector Model of 1896.
  • Soon to follow was S&W's first K-frame revolver—the .38 Military Model 1899 or .38 Hand Ejector Military & Police.
  • The first Triple-Lock was .44 Hand Ejector First Model (New Century, Triple-Lock, .44 Military Model of 1908).
  • For many, this hand-ejector model is considered to be the finest double-action pistol ever made.

Among the many contributions Smith & Wesson has given to the firearms industry, the most significant would have to be the Hand Ejector revolver. This series of solid-frame, double-action models with swing-out cylinders and manual case extraction has certainly stood the test of time. Introduced in 1896, its basic design is still in production, not only by Smith & Wesson, but also by many other gun manufacturers around the world. Author Jim Supica wrote in Standard Catalog of Smith & Wesson, “The Hand Ejector is the style of handgun that epitomizes Smith & Wesson.”

The focus of this column is on Hand Ejector models of the pre-World War II years with “Hand Ejector” in their official names. When referring to the basic design, all Smith & Wesson revolvers made since 1899 can be described as “hand ejectors,” but my plan here is to provide a bit of history on the original named models.

Toward the end of the 19th century, Smith & Wesson began work on a new-style revolver—one with a solid frame that would soon replace the popular top-break models the company had been known for since the 1870s. “Hand Ejector” is a reference to the loading and unloading procedure, whereby the shooter releases the cylinder to tilt out of the left side of the gun. This allows the cylinder to be loaded or for the fired cases to be “hand-ejected” by pushing back on the ejector rod.

Background: The .32 Hand Ejector

The first revolver to be given the name was the .32 Hand Ejector Model of 1896, its year of introduction. It was made on a new frame size called the I-frame, which had been designed for a new cartridge, the .32 S&W Long. Smith & Wesson lengthened the case of the .32 S&W by 1/8 inch to increase its powder capacity, and this required a slightly larger frame.

The Model of 1896—which would later be known as the .32 Hand Ejector First Model—was made for only seven years. It was not a big success on the civilian market, but a few major police departments, including Philadelphia’s, adopted the model as a service revolver.1

This Hand Ejector First Model belonged to a member of the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Silver Mounted Posse in the 1950s. Its nickel finish was redone at the Smith & Wesson factory. The Bohlin silver grips add a fine touch. (Photo: Guns International)
This Hand Ejector First Model belonged to a member of the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Silver Mounted Posse in the 1950s. Its nickel finish was redone at the Smith & Wesson factory. The Bohlin silver grips add a fine touch. (Photo: Guns International)

In 1903, the Second Model was introduced, along with several design improvements. The .32 Hand Ejector Model of 1903 remained in production until 1917, with a series of five changes over that time period.2 These differences were relatively minor for the first four model changes, with somewhat more significant variations internally with the fifth change.

The K-Frame Revolver

Another major contribution to firearms history from Smith & Wesson occurred in 1899 with the introduction of the first K-frame revolver—the .38 Military Model 1899 or .38 Hand Ejector Military & Police. K-frame models are still being made and are now well into their second century. They remain very popular; more K-frames have been manufactured than all other Smith & Wesson revolvers combined.3

At the same time the .38 Hand Ejector of 1899 was introduced, the most popular revolver cartridge of the 20th century, the .38 Special—or, to be precise, the .38 S&W Special—was introduced. Two of the most popular variants of this model with collectors are the U.S. Army and U.S. Navy models. These are marked “U.S. Army/Model 1899” or “U.S.N.” One thousand of each were made in 1900 and 1901.

The .32-20 was a popular cartridge in the late-19th and early-20th centuries and was another .32-caliber Hand Ejector. It went through six changes as the .32 Hand Ejector Model of 1902 and then, the Model of 1905.

The last variant remained in production until 1940. It was also made on the K-frame and could be considered the predecessor of one of the rarest Smith & Wesson models: the K-32 Hand Ejector First Model (K-32 Target). Chambered for the .32 S&W Long, only about 94 were made throughout the 1936–1941 period leading up to the beginning of World War II. Its rarity makes this version of the K-32 one of the priciest S&W collectibles.

The .22s

Several of the early Hand Ejectors were .22s. The first of these was the .22 Hand Ejector (LadySmith). Made on the tiny M-frame, it had a seven-shot cylinder and was chambered for the .22 S&W cartridge (which was the same as the .22 Long). It was in production from 1902 through 1921, with three model changes and serial number ranges.

Among the early Hand Ejector models were small-frame .22 models such as this Ladysmith.
Among the early Hand Ejector models were small-frame .22 models such as this Ladysmith.

Smith & Wesson resurrected the name, written “LadySmith,” in 1990 for a 9mm semi-auto and later for a J-frame .38 Special, which is still in the catalog.

The Bekeart Model

The .22-32 Hand Ejector had an interesting beginning. A San Francisco gun dealer named Philip Bekeart came up with the idea for Smith & Wesson to build on the .32 Hand Ejector I-frame a .22-caliber model with a 6-inch barrel and adjustable sights. He believed in the concept so much that he placed a special order in 1911 for 1,000 of these revolvers. These guns became known as Bekeart models and are highly collectible. Only 292 of the first 1,000 guns were delivered to Bekeart, and some went to other dealers. It was 1915 before Smith & Wesson put the model into regular production.

Bekeart models were not marked, so identifying them can be confusing. Serial numbers were included in the range of those for the .32 Hand Ejector (from 138226–139275), but there was a special and separate series of serial numbers stamped on the buttstock of the first 3,000, beginning with the letter “I.”4 Some collectors consider any .22-32 Hand Ejector with a letter showing shipment to Bekeart’s gun shop to be a Bekeart model. This revolver remained in production until 1941.

The N Size

The largest frame for Smith & Wesson revolvers for nearly 100 years was the N size. It was designed for a new cartridge, the .44 Special, and came aboard the S&W train in 1908. Based on a lengthened .44 Russian case, the .44 S&W Special could hold three more grains of black powder under a round-nosed, 246-grain lead bullet.5 (Some .44 Special fans might disagree with the statement that the cartridge was originally loaded with black powder, but six-gun guru John Taffin says so in Gun Digest Book of the .44.)

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The Triple-Lock

The complete name of this revolver was quite a mouthful: .44 Hand Ejector First Model (New Century, Triple-Lock, .44 Military Model of 1908). Buried in the name is a feature that referred to the lockup of the cylinder; this feature became one of the nicknames of the model: the Triple-Lock. It was also often called the New Century.

In the Gun Digest Book of the .44, Taffin describes it as “the epitome of double-action six-guns: The New Century, alias the .44 Hand Ejector First Model, which would forever be known to its loyal followers as the Triple-Lock … In addition to enlarging the frame, two other improvements were made. A shroud was added to the bottom of the barrel to enclose the ejector rod, thus not only protecting the ejector rod, but also improving the looks of the S&W revolver. The second, unfortunately short-lived, improvement was the addition of a third lock, giving the Triple-Lock its unofficial name. Before, the .44 Hand Ejector First Model S&W cylinders locked only at the rear of the cylinder and at the front of the ejector rod. On the New Century, a third lock was brilliantly machined in the front of the frame at the yoke and barrel junction to solidly lock the cylinder in place.”

SW Values

Interestingly, the Triple-Lock was in production only seven years. Apparently, in 1915, someone at Smith & Wesson decided that the third lock was too expensive to manufacture, and it was eliminated—as was the shroud around the ejector rod. Following the changes, the price of the revolver was reduced from $21 to $19.

About 15,375 Triple-Locks were made before the changes took place; most, but not all, were .44 Specials. A limited number was chambered in .38-40, .44-40, .445 Colt and .455 Mark II.

The .44 Hand Ejector Second Model—as it was now known—was made from 1915 to 1917, when wartime work called a halt to large-frame revolver production. The model returned to the S&W line in December 1920 and remained there until 1940.

The Third Model

Another popular .44 Hand Ejector model, called the Third Model or the Model of 1926, was added in that year. It was identical to the Second Model except for the return of the ejector rod shroud. Smith & Wesson received a large number of inquiries asking for the heavier barrel lug—many from law enforcement agencies wanting a slightly heavier revolver. The Third Model was a special-order gun until July 1940, when it was listed in the Smith & Wesson catalog shortly before it was discontinued. It was reintroduced in 1946, following the war.6

For more historical and technical information on these great revolvers, the books listed below in the footnotes are excellent sources.

FOOTNOTES
1, 6: History of Smith & Wesson, Roy G. Jinks, Beinfeld Publishing, 1977
2, 4: Standard Catalog of Smith & Wesson, Jim Supica and Richard Nahas, Gun Digest Books, 2004
3, 5: Gun Digest Book of the .44, John Taffin, 2006

The article originally appeared in the August 2019 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.

Browning Citori: World’s Most Popular Over/Under Shotgun

Jerry Lee
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Browning Citori: World’s Most Popular Over/Under Shotgun

Browning Citori LEAD

Produced in mass and beloved by many, few over/under shotguns hold a candle to the Browning Citori and its impact.

What Sets The Browning Citori Apart From Other Over/Unders:

  • Meant as an affordable alternative to the Browning Superposed.
  • Manufatured for Browning by the Miroku gun factory in Kochi, Japan.
  • Citori included selective automatic ejectors and selective single trigger.
  • Barrels pivot on a full-length hinge pin and lock close by an underlug and bolt.
  • There have been close to 100 different Citoris.

The Browning Citori has been called the best-selling over/under shotgun in the world. It’s difficult to track down sales figures from every manufacturer, but the claim is certainly believable.

Introduced in 1973, the Citori wasn’t meant to replace the legendary Superposed; rather, it was intended to be a more affordable alternative. The Superposed was made by Fabrique Nationale in Belgium, where rising production costs were quickly putting the price out of the reach of the average shotgunner. Browning management wanted to develop a lower-priced version that would increase the company’s share of the over/under market yet maintain its high-quality reputation.

Browning Citori 1
This White Lightning model has an attractive silver nitride-finished receiver with high relief engraving.

When the Citori was introduced, that goal was achieved. A standard model Superposed in the early 1970s sold for about $750. The introductory price for a Browning Citori was $325—less than half the price of the Superposed.

The Miroku Connection

When Browning began looking for a supplier for the new shotgun, it looked to the East. Company President John Val Browning had first visited the Miroku gun factory in Kochi, Japan, in 1965 and was impressed with the facility and the workers, especially the work being done on the Charles Daly brand of shotguns.1

One of these was an over/under based on the design of the Browning Superposed. Over the next few years, a relationship developed between the two companies, and an agreement was made for Miroku to manufacture firearms to be marketed under the Browning name. The first of these was the BL-22 lever-action rifle in 1970, followed the next year by the Semi-Auto .22 rifle, the B-SS side-by-side shotgun and the B-78 Single Shot rifle.2

This Citori Model 725 trap gun features ported barrels, a high-comb, grade III/IV walnut Monte Carlo stock and a HiViz Pro-Comp sight.
This Citori Model 725 trap gun features ported barrels, a high-comb, grade III/IV walnut Monte Carlo stock and a HiViz Pro-Comp sight.

Browning firearms made and imported from overseas was not a new idea. None other than John M. Browning himself had signed an agreement in 1897 for Fabrique Nationale to manufacture several of his pistol designs in Belgium.3 The Auto-5 shotgun was introduced in 1903. More than three million were made by FN before production of the legendary semi-auto was moved to Miroku in 1976.

Browning Citori Features and Models

The Citori has all the features one would expect to find on a quality over/under shotgun, including selective automatic ejectors and selective single triggers. The trigger selector is built into the safety lever located on top of the tang. Barrels came with fixed chokes in the earliest models, with choke tubes becoming standard in 1988.

Fit and finish are in keeping with Browning’s reputation for excellent workmanship. Like the Superposed, the Citori has a box-lock action, and many features are the same as, or similar to, those of the Superposed. The barrels on both designs pivot on a full-length hinge pin and are locked closed by an underlug and bolt. One obvious difference is the forend design: When the Superposed is taken down, the forend remains attached to the barrels; it is removed on the Citori.

The Superlight Feather model’s English-style, straight-grip stock made for fast handling. With its alloy receiver, it weighed only 6 pounds in 12 gauge.
The Superlight Feather model’s English-style, straight-grip stock made for fast handling. With its alloy receiver, it weighed only 6 pounds in 12 gauge.

There are many Browning Citori models and variants currently in production and dozens more over its 46-year run. It has been chambered in 12, 20 and 28 gauge and .410 bore, including occasional listings for 16 gauge. Current models shown on the Browning website are chambered only in 20 or 12 gauge, except for a four-gauge combo with extra barrels in 12, 20, 28 and .410. I’m quite sure there has never been a 10-gauge Citori.

Recent Changes

As would be expected over its long run, there have been some changes in the evolution of the Citori. The most recent has been with the 725 series, introduced in 2012. It has a lower profile receiver that is designed to place the shooter’s eye closer to the axis of the barrels. Another change is to a mechanical trigger, which doesn’t require the recoil of the first shot to set the second.

Bone Up On Browning:

Current models come in every hunting and clay target variation. Browning currently lists more than 50 different Citori models, including the 725 series and some variants listed as “limited availability.”

Looking back over the history of the name, there have been close to 100 different Citoris—further proof that it can claim to be the world’s most popular over/under shotgun.

FOOTNOTES
1, 2: A Brief History of Browning and Miroku, www.browning.com
3: Standard Catalog of Browning, Joseph Cornell, Gun Digest Books, 2008

The article originally appeared in the July 2019 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.

Corey Graff contributed to this article.

Classic Firearms: Winchester Model 70

Jerry Lee
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0
Classic Firearms: Winchester Model 70
Winchester Model 70 3
Throughout its various production periods, the top-of-the-line Model 70 has been the Super Grade.

The rifleman's rifle, the Winchester Model 70 still stirs shooters souls.

What Made the Pre-'64 Model 70 So Desirable:

  • Oversized Mauser claw extractor
  • Excellent hand checkering
  • Bolt handled allowed for a lower scope position
  • Recoil lug and bedding system created a stiffer action
  • Just plain accurate

For many years, Winchester’s Model 70 was the standard by which all other centerfire bolt-action rifles were compared. Introduced in 1936, it was a time when bolt-actions were well on the way to replacing the great lever guns of the prior century. Our doughboys who served in World War I with 1903 Springfields came home with an appreciation of the inherent accuracy and rugged reliability of bolt-actions.

During the Great War, the major American gun companies were already making plans to develop new firearms for the civilian market. Not long after the war was over, Remington, along with Winchester and Eddystone Arsenal, had supplied troops with the Model 1917 Springfield and developed a civilian version in .30-06 known as the Remington Model 30. Savage unveiled its first bolt-action—the Model 1920 Hi-Power in .250 Savage and .300 Savage. Winchester engineers had been working on a bolt gun for several years and, in 1925, the company introduced the Model 54, chambered for the .30-06 and a new cartridge known as the .270 Winchester.

Winchester’s Model 54

The Model 54 combined some features of the M1903 Springfield, the M1917 and the M98 Mauser. It was offered in 10 different model variants and 10 chamberings and was generally well-received in the marketplace.

Learn More About Legendary Winchester

But timing is everything, and the 1929 market crash and subsequent Great Depression kept sales low, not just for the Model 54, but for other Winchester models as well.

Winchester Model 70 1
This ad appeared in several outdoor magazines in 1950. (Photo: Winchester Repeating Arms)

After 65 years of numerous management changes and being controlled most of that time by one family, Winchester Repeating Arms was forced into receivership. On December 22, 1931, Western Cartridge Company purchased the gunmaker. The Model 54 had seen several improvements since 1925, but under the new management, the engineers made plans for a totally new rifle.1

The Model 70

The Model 70 was announced on January 1, 1937. It had some of the same features as the Model 54 but with numerous improvements. These included a hinged floorplate, straighter stock with superior checkering, a forged-steel trigger guard and an adjustable trigger based on the override trigger of the Model 52 .22 rimfire target rifle, which was well-known for its crisp letoff. Changes were made to the bolt handle and the safety lever to allow a lower scope position, as well as to the recoil lug and bedding system to obtain a stiffer action and improved accuracy.2

The Model 70 quickly gained a solid reputation for its design, accuracy and workmanship. At the time, Jack O’Connor was on his way to becoming “the dean of American gun writers,” and he referred to the new Winchester as one of the two best rifles in the world (the other being the M98 Mauser).3

Most collector interest in Winchesters is for models made before 1964—the year the company made significant changes to its manufacturing methods and gun designs. These changes gave Winchester a better position in the marketplace to compete with gunmakers that were using more-modern ways to make their products.

Winchester Model 70 Price

Among the changes made to the Model 70 were a redesigned action with a push-feed bolt instead of controlled-round feed, a free-floating barrel and a new style stock with impressed checkering. In the barrels, instead of broached rifling and cut chambers, both were cold-forged or swaged. There were many other internal changes, including a move to precision casting for many parts instead of machined bar stock, redesigned ejectors and extractors, and a wider trigger.4

Many well-known gun writers of the day were quite critical of the new Model 70, and soon, their opinions sparked a “pre-’64/post-’64” debate that continues to this day. It’s obvious that the older rifles, especially those made before World War II, have more hand fitting of parts and better polishing. However, to say that all pre-’64 rifles were “better” than all post-’64 rifles, well, that’s a great way to start an argument.

Criticisms received by the company following the introduction of the new Model 70 did not fall on deaf ears. It wasn’t long before the free-floating barrel was discontinued; and soon, there was a return to cut chambers while keeping the swaged bore and rifling. Other modifications were made through the 1970s and ‘80s; and, in 1994, there was essentially a return to the pre-’64 action on many models.4

FOOTNOTES
1, 2: The Rifleman’s Rifle, Roger Rule; 1996
3: The Rifle Book, Jack O’Connor; Alfred A. Knopf; 1964
4: Standard Catalog of Firearms, Gun Digest Books; 2019

The article originally appeared in the June 2019 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.

Classic Firearms: Winchester Model 62

Jerry Lee
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Classic Firearms: Winchester Model 62
Winchester Model 62 4
The pre-World War II Model 62 shown here wears a shorter slide handle than the 62A version.

Slide-action rimfire rifles were very popular during the first half of the 20th century. Among the best were the Winchester Model 62 and 62A series.

What Made the Winchester Model 62 Such A Thrilling Rimfire:

  • The Model 61 and 62 were both introduced in 1932.
  • The 61 id s hammerless profile styled somewhat after the Model 12 shotgun.
  • The 62 has a more traditional “Winchester look,” featuring a visible hammer and straight-grip stock.
  • The 62 originally retailed for $17.85.
  • More than 409,000 Model 62 and 62A rifles were manufactured during their 26-year lifespan.

America has certainly changed in many ways over the course of the past century. During the first half of the 20th century, many of us lived in rural areas. We grew up either in a small town or, if we were lucky, on a farm or ranch with acres of land where we could enjoy the outdoors.

A natural part of growing up in that world was being taught how to shoot and safely handle a gun by our dad, uncle, another relative or a family friend and dreaming of the day when we could have our own rifle or shotgun. Often, that first dream gun was a .22 LR rifle.

All types of rimfire rifles were around in the mid-1900s, including single-shots, bolt-action repeaters, several semi-autos, a few lever-actions and the pumps — or, if you prefer, “slide-actions.” There weren’t a lot of .22 LR pumps on the market: a couple of Remington offerings, a Savage (made by Marlin) and the fairly unknown Noble.

Winchester Model 62
The history of the Model 62/62A goes back to the Winchester Model 1890. It was chambered individually and only for the .22 Short, Long, Long Rifle or the now-obsolete .22 WRF — but not interchangeably. Classic features included a 24-inch octagonal barrel and crescent buttplate.

And then, there were the Winchesters. Two of the finest rimfire rifles ever made were the Model 61 and Model 62 Winchester. Both were introduced in 1932 — the Model 61, with its streamlined, hammerless profile styled somewhat after the Model 12 shotgun — and the Model 62, with its more traditional “Winchester look,” featuring a visible hammer and straight-grip stock.

In 1932, the Model 62 was priced at $17.85, and the Model 61 was $24.65. Throughout the production history of these two firearms, the Model 61 was positioned by Winchester to be the more modern rifle and was priced accordingly. When the Model 62 went out of production in 1958, it was selling for about $60. The Model 61 was priced at $70 when it was discontinued in 1962.

A Long Time Coming

The history of the Model 62 goes back to the Model 1890 and the Model 1906 (each of which was named for their year of introduction). Like many other successful Winchester firearms, the Model 1890 was designed and patented by John M. Browning. Winchester bought the patent from him in 1888, and Browning began the work of building a prototype.

Winchester Model 62 1
The Model 1906 was made in several variants, all with 20-inch barrels. For the first 2 years, from 1906 to 1908, all were chambered only for the .22 Short. The .22 S/L/LR interchangeable model came in 1909.

When Winchester engineers saw the design drawings, they suggested that Browning not go ahead with the project, because they didn’t believe the rifle would work. Mr. Browning made the prototype anyway, tested it and sent it to Winchester with a note stating, “You said it wouldn’t work, but it seems to shoot pretty fair to me.”1

Indeed, it did, and the Model 1890 became one of Winchester’s most popular rifles.

Learn More About Legendary Winchester

Winchester decided to add a more economical .22 slide-action to its lineup with the Model 1906. It had the same receiver and trigger guard as the Model ’90 but with a shorter, 20-inch barrel and a length-of-pull of just 12 7/8 inches. The price for the Model 1906 was about $10 — half that for the Model 1890. This was one of the reasons it became popular as a “first gun” for many young shooters.

It was chambered to handle .22 Short, Long and Long Rifle cartridges interchangeably, whereas the Model 1890 was made for only one of those rounds or the Winchester Rim Fire (.22 WRF). The Model 1906 was also available in .22 Short only; and, in that chambering, it became very popular as a gallery gun. Both the 1890 and 1906 models were phased out with the introduction of the Model 61 and Model 62 in 1932.

The ‘New’ Model 62

The new Model 62 was essentially an improved version of the Model 1906. It shared some of the features of the ’06 — the receiver, a visible hammer and interchangeable chambering for Short, Long and Long Rifle (or .22 Short only). The most visible changes included a 23-inch barrel and a newly designed stock and slide handle.

Winchester Model 62 3
The Model 62A was the last version of the Model 62 series. It was in production from 1939 to 1943 and then again from 1946 to 1958, after the culmination of World War II.

Like the Model 1906, a special Gallery model was offered in the Model 62, chambered for .22 Short. These rifles are usually stamped “Winchester” in large letters on the left side of the receiver. Some of these stampings are in red. Winchester wanted to make sure the shooting gallery customer knew what brand of rifle they were using.

Another identifying factor for the Gallery model is the loading port on the bottom side of the magazine tube. It has a triangular shape and is much larger than the small port on a standard .22 Short model. This larger port was designed for the 10-shot loading tubes that gallery operators used to quickly reload the rifle. It’s estimated that no more than about 3 percent of the total Model 62/62A production was for the .22 Short cartridge.2

The Model 62 evolved into the 62A in the late 1930s. The most significant change was from a flat mainspring to a coiled hammer spring. From 1939 through 1940, both Model 62 and 62A variants overlapped, and it can be confusing to determine whether you have a Model 62 or 62A. No matter what is written on the barrel, a model 62 with a flat mainspring has four holes in the lower tang; the 62A with the coiled hammer spring has a single hole in the lower tang.3

Winchester Model 62 2
Early marketing materials for the Model 62 Winchester

Other changes from the Model 62 to the 62A included changing the pattern on the hammer thumbpiece from checkered to grooved. Also, the slide handle on the Model 62 is shorter than the one on the 62A, and there are seven grooves in the older slide handle and 10 grooves on the 62A. This change occurred at approximately serial number 98,000.

As with many other firearms of the day, collector interest is highest for pre-World War II models. Premiums should be added for Gallery guns or for .22 Short-chambered non-Gallery models.

More than 409,000 Model 62 and 62A rifles were manufactured during their 26-year lifespan from 1932 to 1958, minus a hiatus during World War II (1943-1945). Total production of Winchester’s slide-action hammer Models 1890, 1906 and 62 totaled almost 2 million rifles during their 69-year history from 1890 to 1958.4

These rifles, like their Model 1890 and 1906 ancestors, are icons of the great .22 rifles of the 20th century and are fine examples for any collection.

FOOTNOTES

1: Winchester Slide-Action Rifles Vol. 1, Ned Schwing. Krause Books, 1992
2, 3, 4: Winchester Slide-Action Rifles Vol. 2, Ned Schwing. Krause Books, 1993

The article originally appeared in the May 2019 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.

Gun Values: What Makes Some Old Guns Princes And Other Paupers?

Jerry Lee
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Gun Values: What Makes Some Old Guns Princes And Other Paupers?
Gun Collecting 2
This is a Browning Superposed Diana Grade 20-gauge shotgun.

Gun values can sometimes seem esoteric. What makes one firearm worth $100,000 while a similar one can be bought for a measly few hundred dollars? Why is one a collectible antique and another just a used gun?

What Are The Factors That Go Into Gun Values:

  • Condition
  • Origin
  • Historical Significance
  • Provenance (Individual Gun's Ownership/History)

As with virtually any item, whether antique or merely used, condition is of prime importance. But more than that, origin and history are important, too. Provenance is a convenient word often used to describe an object’s origin, ownership chronology and overall history. It’s a term used to authenticate the true background of a piece of artwork such as a painting, piece of sculpture, book or some other work of art. And who can argue that a firearm cannot be a work of art? I’m not referring necessarily to finely engraved and gold-inlayed guns, although they can be quite valuable. But take a look at a minty Colt Paterson revolver or high-grade Browning Superposed. Are they not works of art?

An item’s provenance (from the French word provenir, meaning “to originate”) can provide such things as the identity of the original owner, date of manufacture, shipping location and price. Several gun manufacturers will provide, for a price, this kind of information on their letterhead: among them, Colt and Winchester.

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Another key factor in establishing the value of a firearm is determined by its rarity. I’ve heard gun owners say, “It’s worth that because they only made [fill in the blank].” Or simply, “They aren’t making them anymore.” These comments can be true, but rarity by itself might not be enough to establish a value. A particular model might’ve had a short production history because it wasn’t received well by the gun-buying public and, for whatever reason, never caught on with the masses.

Gun Collecting 1
A Colt 1836 Paterson, which was the first production revolver manufactured by the Colt company.

Who owned the gun and how was it used? This provenance can make the difference between a firearm that’s merely expensive and one that’s worth a fortune. Guns that belonged to famous lawmen and outlaws, military figures or movie stars can demand a significant premium when offered for sale.

When the infamous bank robbers, Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow, were killed by a posse of lawmen in 1934, Bonnie had a Colt Detective Special .38 taped to her thigh, and Clyde was carrying a Colt 1911 .45 Auto. These guns were sold at auction a few years ago for a little over a half-million dollars — $264,000 for Bonnie’s revolver and $240,000 for Clyde’s 1911.1
Other celebrity-owned guns have been sold for staggering figures: President Theodore Roosevelt’s F-grade Fox shotgun for $875,000,2 Gen. George Patton’s Colt SAA .45 revolver for $75,000,3 Elvis Presley’s engraved Walther PPK/S .380 for $62,500,4 Wyatt Earp’s Colt SAA .45 for $225,000,5 and Adolf Hitler’s gold-plated Walther PP .32 for $114,000,6 which was reportedly the gun he used to commit suicide.

So, what’s that old gun worth? The real answer: Whatever someone is willing to pay for it. But the record for a single firearm sold at auction, at least for now, belongs to a very special Winchester. See the sidebar at right about The Geronimo Rifle.

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Editor's Note: This article originally appeared in the April 2019 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.

The Utterly Unique Fitz Special

Jerry Lee
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The Utterly Unique Fitz Special

Colt Detective Special Fitz Special

Rare and unusual, Fitz Special snubbies hold a special place in serious Colt collectors' hearts.

What Is The Fitz Special And Why Is It So Unique:

  • Created by and named after Colt engineer J. Henry “Fitz” Fitzgerald.
  • The custom revolver featured a bobbed hammer and open-front trigger guard.
  • Fitzgerald modified several Colt models along these lines, including the Detective Special and Police Positive.
  • Collectors have paid in the five figurer for actual factory modified Fitz Specials.

One of the most interesting snub-nosed revolvers of the early 20th century was the Fitz Special. Created by Colt engineer and exhibition shooter J. Henry “Fitz” Fitzgerald, the Fitz Special was a customized revolver with two distinguishing features: These were a bobbed hammer and trigger guard with the front half ground completely off, both designed to help the shooter get his double-action revolver into action faster.

Fitzgerald performed these modifications to several Colt models, including the Detective Special. In fact, his Fitz Special modification to the Colt Police Positive led to the company’s introduction of the Detective Special.
No Fitz Specials ever appeared in a Colt catalog, and the exact number made is not known. These were essentially custom guns made to order. Some estimates are that no more than 100 were made at the factory. Many others have been made, and are still being made, by various gunsmiths on Colt, Smith & Wesson and other guns.

J. Henry Fitzgerald probably did not realize it at the time, but he was the creator of some of the rarest Colt revolvers. As Rick Hacker stated in his article on the Fitz Special in the Gun Digest 2018 Annual Edition:

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“So while FitzGerald may not have originated many of the concepts he used, he certainly made them popular. Charles Lindberg carried a Fitz Special, as did Col. Rex Applegate, whose ivory-handled presentation gun bears the inscription, ‘To Rex from Fitz.’

“On the other side of the law, Clyde Barrow of Bonnie and Clyde fame carried a nickel-plated Colt Army Special with a cutaway trigger guard and a bobbed hammer, although it is not known if these modifications were actually done by the Colt factory. Still, it can’t be denied that Barrow obviously was a fan of the Fitz concept. Many gunwriters of that earlier generation, including the late George Nonte and Col. Charles Askins, Jr., were also Fitz Special fans. In more modern times, during the first season of the popular CBS television series ‘Blue Bloods,’ Tom Selleck, in his role as Police Commissioner Frank Reagan, is seen carrying a Colt Official Police ‘Fitz Special,’ which, according to the script, originally was to have belonged to Frank’s policeman father, thus implying multi-generations of use.

“Previously, values of authentic Fitz Specials have been difficult to determine, as they so rarely came on the market. However, in early 2017, Gunbroker listed an authentic, factory-documented Colt Detective Special Fitz Special in .38 Colt, serial number 462183, in 95 percent condition, and complete with its original box and an accompanying factory letter which states, under Special Features: “Furnished with a cutaway trigger guard and a 3 lb. trigger pull.” This gun was shipped to a buyer in Middlesborough, Kentucky on November 24, 1939. Offered for sale by Kirkpatrick Collector Arms of Prescott, Arizona, a firm that specializes in quality Colts, on February 12, 2017 it sold for $10,525.”

Editor's Note: This article originally appeared in the March 2019 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.

Colt Detective Special: As American As The Second Amendment

Jerry Lee
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Colt Detective Special: As American As The Second Amendment

Colt Detective Special Lead

Whether in the hands of cops or robbers, the Colt Detective Special is a true icon among snubby revolvers.

What Makes The Detective Special A Legend:

  • When introduced in 1927, it was considered the ideal compromise between size and power.
  • Became iconic on the silver screen in the hands of both cops and robbers.
  • Essentially a Police Positive with a 2-inch barrel.
  • The Banker's Special model was introduced within months of the Detective Special's release.
  • Given its serial number range overlaps the Police Positive Special, it is not exactly known how many Detective Specials were made.

In 1927, Colt introduced one of the true icons of American handgun history: the Detective Special. The snub-nose .38 Special revolver became very popular with the shooting public, as well as the market for which it was created, undercover and plainclothes police officers. At the time, it was considered an ideal compromise between size and power — a compact and relatively lightweight gun chambered for the popular .38 Special cartridge.

Hollywood caught on quickly, and for years, a “snubby” or “belly gun” appeared in virtually every movie about cops and robbers, including many of the film noir classics of the ‘40s and ‘50s. Many of these movie guns were Detective Specials or one of the Colt variants, which made them even more popular with the general public.

Bone Up On Legendary Colt Firearms

The Detective Special was basically a Police Positive Special with a 2-inch barrel, and the two models shared the same serial number range. It was only available in .38 Special, while other Colt snub-nose revolvers were chambered for milder rounds, such as .38 Colt New Police (aka .38 S&W), .32 Short and Long Colt, and .22 rimfire.

Within a few months of the 1927 birth of the Detective Special, the Banker’s Special was introduced. It was identical to the Detective Special except for the shorter (by 1/8-inch) cylinder for its chamberings, which were for the .38 Colt New Police and .22 Long Rifle. Both models are roll-marked on the left side of the 2-inch barrel, “Detective Special” and “Banker’s Special.”

Colt Detective Special 2nd Issue
This is a 1st Issue Model, made between 1927 and 1946.

The exact number of Detective Specials made is not known, due to the fact that its serial number range overlapped that of the Police Positive Special. However, it’s estimated that more than 400,000 were produced between 1927 and 1985. [1]

There were four generations of Detective Specials, or “issues” as defined by the manufacturer and collectors.

1st Issue

Manufactured from 1927 to 1946. Originally chambered in .38 Special only with wood grips and a square butt until 1932, with round-butt models beginning in 1933. This model and all subsequent Detective Specials had a six-round magazine.

2nd Issue

Manufactured from 1947 to 1972. Added calibers were .32 Colt New Police, .38 Colt New Police with a slightly deeper frame. Some were made with a 3-inch barrel. Grips changed to plastic in 1947, back to wood from 1955 to 1965, wrap-around grips from 1966 to 1972.

Colt Detective Special 1st Issue
The 2nd Issue Model is a pre-WWII version, made between 1946 and 1972.

3rd Issue

Manufactured from 1972 to 1986. Shrouded ejector rod with 2- or 3-inch barrel, wrap-around walnut grips, blue or nickel finish. Chambered only in .38 Special.

4th Issue

Manufactured from 1993 to 1995. Shrouded ejector rod with 2-inch barrel, blue finish, wrap-around black composition grips with gold medallions. Chambered only in .38 Special. A double-action only version with bobbed hammer was available.

Other variants of the Detective Special design include the following:

Banker’s Special, previously mentioned, in production from 1927-1943. Approximately 35,000 were made in .38 Colt New Police or .22 LR. Exact numbers of each caliber are unknown, but more were .38s than .22s, resulting in a higher price for the rimfire models.

Colt Detective Special 3rd Issue
The 3rd Issue Model, made between 1972 and 1986, featured a shrouded barrel and wrap-around grips.

The Cobra (first issue) was made from 1950 to 1972. This model had an alloy frame and came with a 2-, 3- or 4-inch barrel, and in .22 LR, .32 Colt New Police, .38 Colt New Police or .38 Special.

The Cobra (second issue) was similar to the first issue except it had a shrouded ejector rod. Made from 1973 to 1981.

The Agent, which was similar to the Cobra but with a shorter grip frame. Made from 1955 to 1973 in .38 Special.
The Courier was made in .22 LR and .32 Colt New Police with a 3-inch barrel and short grip frame. Approximately 3,000 were made from 1953 to 1956.

The Aircrewman, a very rare model, was made for U.S. Air Force pilots. Weighing just 11 ounces, it was worn in the cockpit and meant to be used if the pilot was forced down in enemy territory. These 2-inch .38 Special revolvers were blued with checkered walnut grips, and marked “U.S.” or “A.F.” Less than 1,200 were made, and most of them in 1951 during the Korean conflict.

Colt Detective Special Prices

A model named the DSII was introduced in 1997 as a replacement for the Detective Special series. It featured a new internal lock-work and transfer-bar safety system. Grips were rubber combat style and the finish was stainless-steel. In production through 1998, most were .38 Specials, but a few were chambered in .357 Magnum. The DS in DSII designates “Detective Special,” but this model is essentially a totally new design.


FOOTNOTES:
1. Colt: An American Legend by R.L. Wilson. Abbeville Press, 1985

 

 

Editor's Note: This article originally appeared in the March 2019 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.

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Classic Guns: Old Model Ruger Single Six

Jerry Lee
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Classic Guns: Old Model Ruger Single Six
For its first several years, the Single Six had what was known as a “flat loading gate” on the side of the receiver.
For its first several years, the Single Six had what was known as a “flat loading gate” on the side of the receiver.

A gun inspired by the classic Western TV shows of the 1950s that were dominating the family room of nearly every home in America, the Ruger Single Six has gone on to become the stuff of legend.

How Did The Ruger Single Six Become An American Icon:

  • The Ruger Single Six was inspired by the popularity of TV and movie Westerns in the 1950s.
  • Given Colt discontinuing the SAA, the revolver gained a foothold.
  • Originally the .22 LR had a 5 1/2-inch barrel, and 4 5/8, 6½ and 9½-inch models were later added.
  • The main difference between the ‘Old' and ‘New' model Ruger Single Six was only safe to carry the old with the hammer down on an empty chamber.
  • The advent of the transfer bar safety made carrying a fully loaded Ruger Single Six a reality.

The year was 1951. Bill Ruger’s company was profitable and becoming well established in the industry, and he was anxious to expand his product line. The new medium of television was growing rapidly. Black and white TV screens were lighting up America’s living rooms every night, and some of the most popular programs were Westerns. A common thread in these shows was the type of handguns used by both good guys and bad guys. By far the most frequently seen models were single-action revolvers, most of them patterned after the Colt Single Action Army.

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Bill Ruger, who had always been a fan of the classic Colt, saw an opportunity. Colt had ceased production of the Single Action Army at the beginning of World War II and there was no indication that it would be back anytime soon. In fact, an official announcement from Colt several years earlier had stated there would not be a post-war Colt SAA. Based on the popularity of Westerns on the TV screen and in motion pictures, Ruger decided to develop an updated and improved version of the single-action revolver.

Ruger Single Six 5

The timing was a wise move. It would be 25 years before Colt returned to the single-action market, and by that time Ruger would be well positioned as the leader in the field. The popularity of TV Westerns continued through the ‘50s and peaked in 1959, when an amazing eight out of the 10 most popular programs were Westerns.

A Grand Entrance

Work had been underway on the first Ruger single-action since 1950, and by June of 1953, the gun was ready, the Single Six. Like the Ruger Standard Automatic pistol, the Single Six was chambered for the great .22 Long Rifle — everyman’s cartridge. Based on the appearance of the Colt Single Action Army revolver, it was first introduced with a 5½-inch barrel. It could also be used with .22 Short or .22 Long ammunition. As the name suggested, the cylinder held six rounds, but the original model should only be carried with the hammer over an empty chamber. (See Old vs. New Models below.)

Later models were added with a 4 5/8-inch, 6½-inch or 9½-inch barrels. Grips were checkered hard rubber with a black eagle medallion inlay on each side. Varnished walnut or stag grips were available as an option with ivory grips added in 1954. The ivory-grip version of Ruger Single Six is one of the rarest and most collectible. The standard model had a blued barrel and cylinder with an anodized aluminum grip frame. The earliest models featured a flat loading gate and rounded profile front sight. Made between 1953 and 1957, these became known as Flat Gate models. In 1958, this loading gate was changed to a contoured shape.

This picture of a New Model Single Six illustrates two important Ruger features — the contour-shaped loading gate, and the famous transfer bar firing system shown in the cocked position. When the trigger is pulled, the bar drops down to allow the hammer to hit the firing pin.
This picture of a New Model Single Six illustrates two important Ruger features — the contour-shaped loading gate, and the famous transfer bar firing system shown in the cocked position. When the trigger is pulled, the bar drops down to allow the hammer to hit the firing pin.

A series of Ruger Single Six models — about 250 — were engraved by the factory between 1954 and 1958, and they are considered the most collectible of all Ruger firearms. Most were engraved by Charles Jerred of the United States, while a total of 22 were sent to Spain to be engraved by several notable artisans there.

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A Lightweight Single Six with aluminum cylinder was introduced in 1954. Original prices were $57.50 for the Standard model in 1953, and $63.25 for the Lightweight (1955). In 1959, a version was introduced chambered for the .22 WMR (Winchester Magnum Rimfire) cartridge, and it was made only with a 6½-inch barrel. A Single Six Convertible model with interchangeable .22 LR and .22 WMR cylinders became available in 1962 and replaced the .22 WMR only model. It was made with barrel lengths of 4 5/8, 5½, 6½ or 9½ inches.

The Super Single Six model was introduced in 1964. Features include an adjustable rear sight, a ramp front, integral sight rib, and interchangeable cylinders for .22 LR and .22 WMR. Barrel lengths were 4 5/8 inches (rare), 5½ and 6½ inches. About 100 nickel-plated guns were made from 1965 to 1968.

The Bearcat was a more compact cousin of the Single Six with a fancier, jazzier look, much like the sports car of the ‘20s for which it was named.
The Bearcat was a more compact cousin of the Single Six with a fancier, jazzier look, much like the sports car of the ‘20s for which it was named.

The Bearcat is a scaled-down single action in .22 LR with a non-fluted, roll-engraved cylinder. Introduced in 1958, the first Bearcats had plastic wood-impregnated grips, later changed to walnut in 1963. Many Ruger aficionados are aware that Bill Ruger was an admirer and collector of classic automobiles. Among these was the Stutz Bearcat, and when Ruger designed a new variant of the Single Six he named it the Bearcat.3 In addition to its scaled-down size, the Bearcat was a fancier, racier gun with a black anodized aluminum frame and a brass-colored, anodized alloy trigger guard. The Old Model was discontinued in 1972 and reintroduced in 1995 as the Bearcat New Model.

Old vs. New Models

Shooters, collectors and gun historians categorize all Ruger single-action revolvers, including rimfire and centerfire models, as Old Models and New Models. The most significant difference between them is that the Old Models, made before 1973, were based on the original single-action designs of the 19th century and should be carried with the hammer lined up with an empty chamber. This was to avoid an accidental discharge if a gun was dropped with the hammer positioned over a live round. Beginning in 1973, a transfer bar safety was added, which prevented the gun from firing unless the trigger was pulled, allowing the safe carry of six rounds in the cylinder. All Ruger single actions made after 1973 have this safety feature, including current models.

In addition to the improved transfer-bar firing system, other changes included the option of adjustable sights, a stainless-steel finish and a new loading procedure. Unlike the Old Models, the hammer has no half-cock position. With the hammer in the forward position, the loading gate is opened and the cylinder can full rotate. After loading or unloading, the gate is simply closed.

This 9½-inch barreled Single Six is capable of excellent accuracy, as demonstrated here by the great Single Action guru, John Taffin.
This 9½-inch barreled Ruger Single Six is capable of excellent accuracy, as demonstrated here by the great Single Action guru, John Taffin.

The New Model Single Six is still in production today. Many different models and variations have been added to the New Model Ruger line over the years, too many for us to cover in this column. As is the case with other Ruger firearms, there are numerous special editions, commemoratives and distributor exclusive models. Since most of the collector interest in the Single Six or Bearcat is for the Old Models, the values shown nearby are for those revolvers.

Editor's Note: This article originally appeared in the February 2019 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.

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The Still Sought After Beretta Model 1934 Pistol

Jerry Lee
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The Still Sought After Beretta Model 1934 Pistol

The Model 1934 is still in high demand by both collectors and pistol shooters through 84 years of service.

Why the Beretta Model 1934 remains popular with collectors:

  • The main service pistol of the Italian armed forces in World War II and was also used by some military units in Germany, Romania and Finland.
  • Chambered 9mm Corto, what we know as .380 ACP.
  • Design evolved from the Model 1915/17, which saw service in World War I.
  • Standard blowback design with a single-action trigger.
  • The barrel is 3¾ inches, the weight is 23½ ounces and it utilizes a 7-round magazine.
  • More than a million Model 1934s were manufactured between 1934 and 1992.

The Model 1934 is one of the best-known Beretta pistols. During World War II, it was the main service pistol of the Italian armed forces and was also used by some military units in Germany, Romania and Finland. After the war, the M1934 continued to serve Italy’s military into the 1960s, and with the Italian police through the 1970s.

The “XX” marking refers to the 20th year of the Italian Fascist Regime, 1942.
The “XX” marking refers to the 20th year of the Italian Fascist Regime, 1942.

The Model 1934 was chambered for the 9mm Corto, which we know as the .380 ACP. Relatively short and compact, especially when compared to the Government Model 1911 .45 Auto, captured 1934s were popular with U.S. GIs as a back-up gun on the battlefield. Many of these pistols were brought to the United States after the war as souvenirs.

A post-war version of the 1934 model was known as the Cougar. Those made for export to the United States have the “Cougar” name on the pistol and most were imported by the now-defunct J.L. Galef Company. Some of the later models were marked P.B. 1966, the “P.B.” for Pietro Beretta.

The Evolution Of The Model 1934

The M1934 design evolved from the Model 1915/17, which saw service in World War I. It was the first of several later Beretta models to feature an open top slide, such as what is still seen on the famous Model 92 and all its variations. The Model 1915 was chambered for the 9mm Glisenti cartridge, also known as the Mo. 910, which was essentially a 9mm Luger Parabellum downloaded to operate safely in the small frame of the 1915. It failed to function reliably enough to suit the Italian military brass, so it was replaced by an improved design known as the Model 17, chambered for the 7.65 (.32 ACP).

Smooth lines and a comfortable grip still make the M1934 a popular model after almost 85 years.
Smooth lines and a comfortable grip still make the M1934 a popular model after almost 85 years.

It should be remembered that, in those days, “stopping power” was not a concern with most European armies. The handgun was more a symbol of authority than a serious weapon, and John Browning’s very popular little .32 ACP was very popular in military and police circles throughout the Continent.

In 1934, the Italian government, now in the 12th year of Benito Mussolini’s Fascist regime, decided to adopt a handgun that was to be used by all branches of the armed forces. This latest evolution of the 1915 open-top design was chambered for the .380 (9x17mm Corto) and given the Model 1934 designation. A .32 variant was known as the Model 1935 and was preferred by the Italian air force because of its slightly lighter weight.

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The 1934/1935 is a standard blowback design with a single-action trigger. Sights are fixed and the overall length is 6 inches. The barrel is 3¾ inches and the weight is 23½ ounces. Magazine capacity is seven rounds, and the grips are black plastic with steel backing. Most military models have a Parkerized finish, while civilian pistols feature a blue finish. A thumb safety on the left side of the frame, above the trigger, also acts as a slide lock to be used to disassemble the pistol.

Figuring Out Your M1934

Model 1934/35s made during the Fascist Era had several various markings that are of interest to collectors. The Fascist Era began in October of 1922, and pistols made after that date sometimes were marked in Roman Numerals indicating the year of the era. For example, a pistol made in 1939 could be marked XVII or XVIII, depending on the time of year it was manufactured. Standard Arabic numerals might also be stamped on the guns.

The familiar open-top slide, shown here on a modern day M9, has long been a familiar Beretta feature. It started with the Model 1915 and was perfected in the M1934.
The familiar open-top slide, shown here on a modern day M9, has long been a familiar Beretta feature. It started with the Model 1915 and was perfected in the M1934.

Beretta Model 1934 ValueOther markings for the different branches of the Italian armed forces include RE (Regio Esercito) for the army, RM (Regia Marina) for the navy and RA (Regina Aeronautica) for the air force. The air force models were also marked with an eagle wearing a Royal Crown. Pistols made for the Italian police forces were marked PS (Publica Sicurezza). Those made for the Romanian military have the caliber marked as 9mm Scurt (for “short”), and for Finland forces, SA (Suomen Armeja) for “Finish Army.”

More than a million Model 1934s were manufactured between 1934 and 1992, and it remains one of the most popular WWII pistols with shooters and collectors worldwide. The size competes well with more modern models for concealed carry, and the grip is a nice fit for most hands, making it more comfortable to shoot than many .380s. The classic Beretta open-top design reduces the weight of the slide, which also results in less felt recoil. All in all, it’s a fine pistol that still has its niche 84 years after its introduction.

Editor's Note: This article originally appeared in the January 2019 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.

Classic Guns: A.H. Fox Double Shotgun

Jerry Lee
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Classic Guns: A.H. Fox Double Shotgun

How the A.H. Fox became “The finest gun in the world.”

Why A.H. Fox doubles are considered among America's classic shotguns:

  • Considered desirable as other classic American double guns, such as Parker, Ithaca and L.C. Smith.
  • Sold to Savage Arms in 1930, who continued production.
  • Grades were defined by the grade of the stock's wood.
  • XE grade featured engraved game scenes.
  • Theodore Roosevelt's Fox sold for a record $862,500 in 2010.

Ansley Herman Fox was a bright, charismatic young man and a fine shotgunner. Trap was his game and he was the winner of many events in and around Baltimore and Philadelphia. Fox wanted to get into the gun making business and his ventures into the field had several starts and stops. He received his first patent for a double-barrel gun in 1894, when was 24 years old.

Most Fox models were offered with a single selective trigger, but double triggers remained the choice of many shooters.
Most Fox models were offered with a single selective trigger, but double triggers remained the choice of many shooters.

In 1896, Fox convinced a few friends and family members to partner with him in what became known as the National Arms Company of Baltimore. Before any guns were manufactured, that company was reorganized as the Fox Gun Company of Baltimore. Only a few hundred guns were made by this first incarnation of the Fox Company — and those models are very rare.

In 1900, the Fox Company was sold to the Baltimore Gun Company and Ansley Fox became an employee of that firm. During this period he was also a professional shooter for Winchester.

Vintage catalog with Fox shotgun on the cover.
Vintage catalog with Fox shotgun on the cover.

The next step on Fox’s rather rocky road to success was his formation of the Philadelphia Gun Company in 1905, which quickly evolved to the A.H. Fox Company of Philadelphia. For the next 25 years, the Fox was a respected member of the Classic American Double club, taking its place in shotgun history alongside Parker, Ithaca and L.C. Smith.

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Winchester’s fine Model 21 came along in 1930, the same year Fox was sold to Savage, which continued making the A.H. Fox guns until 1942. These guns should not be confused with the Fox Model B double, which was introduced by Savage circa 1939. This lower priced utility model was basically an upgrade of a series of Stevens double-barreled guns, which Savage also produced.

The Fox Family

This XE model circa 1916 shows off the intricate engraving and checkering patterns of the skilled Fox workers.
This XE model circa 1916 shows off the intricate engraving and checkering patterns of the skilled Fox workers.

The line-up of A.H. Fox models introduced in 1906 included three grades: A, B, C, followed by D and F in 1907. All were initially offered only in 12 gauge until 1912, when 16 and 20 gauges were added. Another model was added in 1911, one that became quite popular, the Sterlingworth. It was a utility model with many of the same design features as the higher grade guns and had a base price of $25, exactly half the $50 for the A Grade. Prices for the other grades were $75 for the B Grade, $100 for C, $250 for D, and $500 for the F Grade.

Each grade featured increasing levels of higher grade wood, more elaborate engraving and fancier checkering patterns. Another model was the XE Grade, which was decorated with elaborate game scene vignettes.

This Sterlingworth model illustrates the operating lever and barrel extension of the box-lock design.
This Sterlingworth model illustrates the operating lever and barrel extension of the box-lock design.

Automatic ejectors were offered beginning in 1907 and the model grades were listed as AE, BE, etc., to indicate the added feature. Other available options were cast-off stocks, Monte Carlo combs and beavertail forends. Single trigger models became available in 1914. Most shotgunners in those days learned to shoot with double triggers and liked the quick choice of choke or load, as many still do today.

Teddy’s Pet Fox

The most famous Fox shotgun of all time undoubtedly is the one that belonged to President Theodore Roosevelt. As referenced in the quote at the beginning of this column, Roosevelt took the gun on his famous 10-month African safari in 1909. It’s a FE Grade 12 gauge with 30-inch barrels choked full and modified with double triggers and was presented to the former president by Ansley Fox as a gift. In a letter to Mr. Fox, Roosevelt stated that his plan was to take the gun on his safari “loaded with ball” (slugs) primarily to be used as a backup for lion and other dangerous game. Roosevelt subsequently used the gun for geese and ducks.

Theodore Roosevelt’s FE Grade, called the most expensive shotgun in the world.
Theodore Roosevelt’s FE Grade, called the most expensive shotgun in the world.

When he died in 1919 the shotgun was left to his son, Kermit, who passed it down to his son, Kermit Roosevelt Jr. It remained in the Roosevelt family until 1974 when it was sold to Fox historian Thomas Kidd, and then to an undisclosed buyer who, in October of 2010, put the gun up for auction with James Julia. History was made when it sold for $862,500, the highest price ever paid at auction for a shotgun.

Another major event at the Fox Company in 1911 was the departure of Ansley Fox. While the company founder knew a lot about shotguns, he had differences with his investors on how to run the business and they bought him out. Fox left the gun industry and several years later formed the Fox Motor Company. He invented a car with an air-cooled engine and it was priced in the $4,000 to $5,000 range, competing with the highest priced Dusenburgs and Stutz models. Only a few Fox automobiles were built between 1921 and 1923, and by the end of 1923 the company went out of business.

AH Fox Price

Editor's Note: This article originally appeared in the December 2018 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.

Winchester Model 52: Still Sweet After 100 Years

Jerry Lee
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0
Winchester Model 52: Still Sweet After 100 Years
This was the classic rimfire target rifle for most of the 20th century, the Model 52, dubbed the “greatest small bore rifle ever.”
This was the classic rimfire target rifle for most of the 20th century, the Model 52, dubbed the “greatest small bore rifle ever.”

Celebrating its 100th anniversary, the Winchester Model 52 remains among the rimfire royalty.

Why the Winchester Model 52 Still Remains Highly Desirable:

  • Highly accurate rimfire that, early in its history, dominated small-bore competitions.
  • Original design included receiver machined from a forging, a non-rotating bolt, a 28-inch heavy-contour barrel.
  • It also had a unique button magazine release.
  • Extremely fast lock time, contributing to the rifle’s already excellent accuracy.
  • Among the rarest and most collectible version is the Model 52 Sporting Rifle.

The 100th anniversary of the “King of .22 Caliber Rifles,” the Winchester Model 52, is upon us. Although it didn’t go into production until 1920, in August of 1919, six pre-production samples of the Model 52 were issued to several shooters at the National Rifle Matches in Caldwell, New Jersey. Soon, the Model 52 was dominating the world of small-bore competition. Winchester ads called it “the greatest small bore rifle ever placed on the market.”

Following World War I, Winchester recognized that American shooters were showing a preference for bolt-action rifles. Work began on designing a new rifle for rimfire match shooting. Winchester engineer, T.C. Johnson, received most of the credit for coming up with what became the Model 52, but he was assisted by another designer, Frank Burton.

Features of the original design included a receiver machined from a forging, a non-rotating bolt, a 28-inch heavy-contour barrel with target sights and a barrel band, a wing-type safety on the left side of the receiver, and a unique magazine release consisting of a button on the right side of the stock adjacent to the magazine.

More Gun Collecting Info:

The Model 52 was made in several variations over the 60 years it was in production, between 1919 and 1979. Winchester advertised that the Model 52 with its 28-inch barrel had the “same feel” as the Springfield military rifle, directing that claim to the veterans of WWI. In 1929, the finger grooves were eliminated and a new trigger and firing pin design called the Speed Lock was introduced, replacing the two-stage military-style trigger of the original model. Designed by Frank Burton, it reduced the lock time between the pull of the trigger and ignition of the primer, contributing to the rifle’s already excellent accuracy.

Receiver sights were often included on both Target and Sporter 52s, like this one.
Receiver sights were often included on both Target and Sporter 52s, like this one.

In the early 1930s, a reinforced receiver and locking lug were added, and the model became the Model 52A. Minor changes came in 1935, including a single-shot adapter and adjustable sling swivels, and the model designation became the Model 52B. After World War II, the Model 52C was unveiled with a new vibration-free trigger mechanism that was easily adjustable. Other changes came along including single-shot models, extra-heavy bull barrels, free-style stocks (including a thumb hole) and adjustable buttplates and forends.

The rarest — and what later became the most highly collected version of the Model 52 — was introduced to the shooting public in 1934. Winchester president John Olin was a big fan of the 52 Target rifle, and when a friend showed Olin his rifle that had been mounted in a handsome “sporting” stock, he was very impressed. Olin quickly authorized the development of the Model 52 Sporting Rifle, or Sporter. It had the look and feel of a “big game” rifle with its highly figured hand-checkered walnut stock complete with cheekpiece, high comb and black forend tip. The 24-inch lightweight barrel had a Lyman 48 receiver rear and a hooded ramp front sight, though sights from other makers were also available. The initial price for the Sporter was $88.50, which was a rather hefty amount in the middle of the Great Depression.

Winchester Model 52 Price

Approximately 125,200 Model 52s of all variations were made. Each improvement and upgrade in the M52 Target Rifles were also included in variants of the Sporter model. The Sporter was a variation of the Model 52 Target Rifle and its serial numbers were not a separate series: They were mixed in with those for the target models. This makes it impossible to know how many Model 52 Sporters were made. I have seen estimates in the 5,700 to 5,800 range but these are based on guesses from various sources.

The only series with an accurate number is the Model 52C, the last ones produced. According to Herbert Houze’s excellent book, The Winchester Model 52 — Perfection In Design, there were 1,314 Sporter C models made between 1954 and 1960, when the model was discontinued. The C series is generally considered by collectors to be the finest of the Sporting models.

Winchester was lobbied for years by shooters and outdoor writers to bring back the Model 52 Sporter. In 1991, the FN/Herstal Group, parent company of Winchester and Browning, introduced a “reissue” of the Model 52B, made by Miroku in Japan. It was first made under the Browning name from 1991 to 1992, and then under the Winchester brand from 1993 to 2002. These are excellent rifles and approximate the look and feel of the original 52 Sporter, but they are replicas and not exact copies of the original.

Editor's Note: This article originally appeared in the November 2018 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.

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